Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman

Abstract Visible‐shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers map composition remotely with spatial context, typically at many meters‐scale from orbital and airborne data. Here, we evaluate VSWIR imaging spectroscopy capabilities at centimeters to sub‐millimeter scale at the Samail Ophiolite, Om...

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Autores principales:	Ellen K. Leask, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Rebecca N. Greenberger, Patrick Pinet, Yves Daydou, Georges Ceuleneer, Peter Kelemen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
Materias:	carbonate serpentine Oman hyperspectral imaging infrared spectroscopy Mars Astronomy QB1-991 Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb707fc5d6dc4d14b1524445edf3e5a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb707fc5d6dc4d14b1524445edf3e5a82021-11-23T21:03:07ZTracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman2333-508410.1029/2021EA001637https://doaj.org/article/bb707fc5d6dc4d14b1524445edf3e5a82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001637https://doaj.org/toc/2333-5084Abstract Visible‐shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers map composition remotely with spatial context, typically at many meters‐scale from orbital and airborne data. Here, we evaluate VSWIR imaging spectroscopy capabilities at centimeters to sub‐millimeter scale at the Samail Ophiolite, Oman, where mafic and ultramafic lithologies and their alteration products, including serpentine and carbonates, are exposed in a semi‐arid environment, analogous to similar mineral associations observed from Mars orbit that will be explored by the Mars‐2020 rover. At outcrop and hand specimen scales, VSWIR spectroscopy (a) identifies cross‐cutting veins of calcite, dolomite, magnesite, serpentine, and chlorite that record pathways and time‐order of multiple alteration events of changing fluid composition; (b) detects small‐scale, partially altered remnant pyroxenes and localized epidote and prehnite that indicate protolith composition and temperatures and pressures of multiple generations of faulting and alteration, respectively; and (c) discriminates between spectrally similar carbonate and serpentine phases and carbonate solid solutions. In natural magnesite veins, minor amounts of ferrous iron can appear similar to olivine's strong 1‐μm absorption, though no olivine is present. We also find that mineral identification for carbonate and serpentine in mixtures with each other is strongly scale‐ and texture‐dependent; ∼40 area% dolomite in mm‐scale veins at one serpentinite outcrop and ∼18 area% serpentine in a calcite‐rich travertine outcrop are not discriminated until spatial scales of <∼1–2 cm/pixel. We found biological materials, for example bacterial mats versus vascular plants, are differentiated using wavelengths <1 μm while shortwave infrared wavelengths >1 μm are required to identify most organic materials and distinguish most mineral phases.Ellen K. LeaskBethany L. EhlmannRebecca N. GreenbergerPatrick PinetYves DaydouGeorges CeuleneerPeter KelemenAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)articlecarbonateserpentineOmanhyperspectral imaginginfrared spectroscopyMarsAstronomyQB1-991GeologyQE1-996.5ENEarth and Space Science, Vol 8, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbonate serpentine Oman hyperspectral imaging infrared spectroscopy Mars Astronomy QB1-991 Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	carbonate serpentine Oman hyperspectral imaging infrared spectroscopy Mars Astronomy QB1-991 Geology QE1-996.5 Ellen K. Leask Bethany L. Ehlmann Rebecca N. Greenberger Patrick Pinet Yves Daydou Georges Ceuleneer Peter Kelemen Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
description	Abstract Visible‐shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers map composition remotely with spatial context, typically at many meters‐scale from orbital and airborne data. Here, we evaluate VSWIR imaging spectroscopy capabilities at centimeters to sub‐millimeter scale at the Samail Ophiolite, Oman, where mafic and ultramafic lithologies and their alteration products, including serpentine and carbonates, are exposed in a semi‐arid environment, analogous to similar mineral associations observed from Mars orbit that will be explored by the Mars‐2020 rover. At outcrop and hand specimen scales, VSWIR spectroscopy (a) identifies cross‐cutting veins of calcite, dolomite, magnesite, serpentine, and chlorite that record pathways and time‐order of multiple alteration events of changing fluid composition; (b) detects small‐scale, partially altered remnant pyroxenes and localized epidote and prehnite that indicate protolith composition and temperatures and pressures of multiple generations of faulting and alteration, respectively; and (c) discriminates between spectrally similar carbonate and serpentine phases and carbonate solid solutions. In natural magnesite veins, minor amounts of ferrous iron can appear similar to olivine's strong 1‐μm absorption, though no olivine is present. We also find that mineral identification for carbonate and serpentine in mixtures with each other is strongly scale‐ and texture‐dependent; ∼40 area% dolomite in mm‐scale veins at one serpentinite outcrop and ∼18 area% serpentine in a calcite‐rich travertine outcrop are not discriminated until spatial scales of <∼1–2 cm/pixel. We found biological materials, for example bacterial mats versus vascular plants, are differentiated using wavelengths <1 μm while shortwave infrared wavelengths >1 μm are required to identify most organic materials and distinguish most mineral phases.
format	article
author	Ellen K. Leask Bethany L. Ehlmann Rebecca N. Greenberger Patrick Pinet Yves Daydou Georges Ceuleneer Peter Kelemen
author_facet	Ellen K. Leask Bethany L. Ehlmann Rebecca N. Greenberger Patrick Pinet Yves Daydou Georges Ceuleneer Peter Kelemen
author_sort	Ellen K. Leask
title	Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
title_short	Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
title_full	Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
title_fullStr	Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
title_full_unstemmed	Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman
title_sort	tracing carbonate formation, serpentinization, and biological materials with micro‐/meso‐scale infrared imaging spectroscopy in a mars analog system, samail ophiolite, oman
publisher	American Geophysical Union (AGU)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb707fc5d6dc4d14b1524445edf3e5a8
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Tracing Carbonate Formation, Serpentinization, and Biological Materials With Micro‐/Meso‐Scale Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy in a Mars Analog System, Samail Ophiolite, Oman

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