Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world

Insects are a highly successful group of animals that inhabit almost every habitat and environment on Earth. Part of their success is due to a rapid and highly effective immune response that identifies, inactivates, and eliminates pathogens. Insects possess an immune system that shows many similarit...

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Autores principales:	Gerard Sheehan, Gemma Farrell, Kevin Kavanagh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2020
Materias:	galleria larvae in vivo model infection immunity priming Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb7ed5fbc98042428a81211a942f58db
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb7ed5fbc98042428a81211a942f58db2021-11-17T14:21:58ZImmune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world2150-55942150-560810.1080/21505594.2020.1731137https://doaj.org/article/bb7ed5fbc98042428a81211a942f58db2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1731137https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5594https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5608Insects are a highly successful group of animals that inhabit almost every habitat and environment on Earth. Part of their success is due to a rapid and highly effective immune response that identifies, inactivates, and eliminates pathogens. Insects possess an immune system that shows many similarities to the innate immune system of vertebrates, but they do not possess an equivalent system to the antibody-mediated adaptive immune response of vertebrates. However, some insect do display a process known as immune priming in which prior exposure to a sublethal dose of a pathogen, or pathogen-derived material, leads to an elevation in the immune response rendering the insect resistant to a subsequent lethal infection a short time later. This process is mediated by an increase in the density of circulating hemocytes and increased production of antimicrobial peptides. Immune priming is an important survival strategy for certain insects while other insects that do not show this response may have colony-level behaviors that may serve to limit the success of pathogens. Insects are now widely used as in vivo models for studying microbial pathogens of humans and for assessing the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Knowledge of the process of immune priming in insects is essential in these applications as it may operate and augment the perceived in vivo antimicrobial activity of novel compounds. Abbreviations: 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene silver(I) acetate; SBC3: antimicrobial peptides; AMPs: dorsal-related immunity factor; DIF: Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule; Dscam: Lipopolysaccharide; LPS: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PAMPS: Patterns recognition receptors; PRR: Prophenoloxidase; PO: Toll-like receptors; TLRs: Toll/IL-1R; TIR, Transgenerational Immune Priming; TgIP: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α.Gerard SheehanGemma FarrellKevin KavanaghTaylor & Francis Grouparticlegalleria larvaein vivo modelinfectionimmunityprimingInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirulence, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 238-246 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	galleria larvae in vivo model infection immunity priming Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	galleria larvae in vivo model infection immunity priming Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Gerard Sheehan Gemma Farrell Kevin Kavanagh Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
description	Insects are a highly successful group of animals that inhabit almost every habitat and environment on Earth. Part of their success is due to a rapid and highly effective immune response that identifies, inactivates, and eliminates pathogens. Insects possess an immune system that shows many similarities to the innate immune system of vertebrates, but they do not possess an equivalent system to the antibody-mediated adaptive immune response of vertebrates. However, some insect do display a process known as immune priming in which prior exposure to a sublethal dose of a pathogen, or pathogen-derived material, leads to an elevation in the immune response rendering the insect resistant to a subsequent lethal infection a short time later. This process is mediated by an increase in the density of circulating hemocytes and increased production of antimicrobial peptides. Immune priming is an important survival strategy for certain insects while other insects that do not show this response may have colony-level behaviors that may serve to limit the success of pathogens. Insects are now widely used as in vivo models for studying microbial pathogens of humans and for assessing the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Knowledge of the process of immune priming in insects is essential in these applications as it may operate and augment the perceived in vivo antimicrobial activity of novel compounds. Abbreviations: 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene silver(I) acetate; SBC3: antimicrobial peptides; AMPs: dorsal-related immunity factor; DIF: Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule; Dscam: Lipopolysaccharide; LPS: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PAMPS: Patterns recognition receptors; PRR: Prophenoloxidase; PO: Toll-like receptors; TLRs: Toll/IL-1R; TIR, Transgenerational Immune Priming; TgIP: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α.
format	article
author	Gerard Sheehan Gemma Farrell Kevin Kavanagh
author_facet	Gerard Sheehan Gemma Farrell Kevin Kavanagh
author_sort	Gerard Sheehan
title	Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
title_short	Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
title_full	Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
title_fullStr	Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
title_full_unstemmed	Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
title_sort	immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb7ed5fbc98042428a81211a942f58db
work_keys_str_mv	AT gerardsheehan immuneprimingthesecretweaponoftheinsectworld AT gemmafarrell immuneprimingthesecretweaponoftheinsectworld AT kevinkavanagh immuneprimingthesecretweaponoftheinsectworld
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Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world

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