An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.

The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with...

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Autores principales:	Chrissy D Eckstrand, Thomas J Baldwin, Kerry A Rood, Michael J Clayton, Jason K Lott, Rebecca M Wolking, Daniel S Bradway, Timothy Baszler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bba42a08b2144bcaa73fefb4484ae4e3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bba42a08b2144bcaa73fefb4484ae4e32021-12-02T19:59:52ZAn outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1009952https://doaj.org/article/bba42a08b2144bcaa73fefb4484ae4e32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009952https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35-55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided. Infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Disease indicators were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strains fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date. While sharing the N501T mutation which is common in mink, the Utah strains did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in nearly all mink from the United States. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract associated with symptomatic respiratory disease and death.Chrissy D EckstrandThomas J BaldwinKerry A RoodMichael J ClaytonJason K LottRebecca M WolkingDaniel S BradwayTimothy BaszlerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 11, p e1009952 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chrissy D Eckstrand Thomas J Baldwin Kerry A Rood Michael J Clayton Jason K Lott Rebecca M Wolking Daniel S Bradway Timothy Baszler An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
description	The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35-55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided. Infection spread rapidly between independently housed animals and farms, and caused severe respiratory disease and death. Disease indicators were most notably sudden death, anorexia, and increased respiratory effort. Gross pathology examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopically there was pulmonary edema with moderate vasculitis, perivasculitis, and fibrinous interstitial pneumonia. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in multiple organs including nasal turbinates, lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, epithelial surfaces, and others. Localization of viral RNA by in situ hybridization revealed a more localized infection, particularly of the upper respiratory tract. Whole genome sequencing from multiple mink was consistent with published SARS-CoV-2 genomes with few polymorphisms. The Utah mink SARS-CoV-2 strains fell into Clade GH, which is unique among mink and other animal strains sequenced to date. While sharing the N501T mutation which is common in mink, the Utah strains did not share other spike RBD mutations Y453F and F486L found in nearly all mink from the United States. Mink in the outbreak reported herein had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract associated with symptomatic respiratory disease and death.
format	article
author	Chrissy D Eckstrand Thomas J Baldwin Kerry A Rood Michael J Clayton Jason K Lott Rebecca M Wolking Daniel S Bradway Timothy Baszler
author_facet	Chrissy D Eckstrand Thomas J Baldwin Kerry A Rood Michael J Clayton Jason K Lott Rebecca M Wolking Daniel S Bradway Timothy Baszler
author_sort	Chrissy D Eckstrand
title	An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
title_short	An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
title_full	An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
title_fullStr	An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
title_full_unstemmed	An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.
title_sort	outbreak of sars-cov-2 with high mortality in mink (neovison vison) on multiple utah farms.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bba42a08b2144bcaa73fefb4484ae4e3
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An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.

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