Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

The incidence of peri-procedural amnesia following procedural sedation in children is unclear and difficult to determine. This study aimed to apply quantitative and qualitative approaches to better understand amnesia following dental sedation of children. After Institutional Review Board Approval, c...

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Autores principales:	Karolline A. Viana, Mônica M. Moterane, Steven M. Green, Keira P. Mason, Luciane R. Costa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	amnesia memory dental care conscious sedation child preschool Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bbb031086267408f8db0454cd6e39bee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bbb031086267408f8db0454cd6e39bee2021-11-25T18:02:44ZAmnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial10.3390/jcm102254302077-0383https://doaj.org/article/bbb031086267408f8db0454cd6e39bee2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5430https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383The incidence of peri-procedural amnesia following procedural sedation in children is unclear and difficult to determine. This study aimed to apply quantitative and qualitative approaches to better understand amnesia following dental sedation of children. After Institutional Review Board Approval, children scheduled for sedation for dental procedures with oral midazolam (OM), oral midazolam and ketamine (OMK), or intranasal midazolam and ketamine (IMK) were recruited for examination of peri-procedural amnesia. Amnesia during the dental session was assessed using a three-stage method, using identification of pictures and an animal toy. On the day following the sedation, primary caregivers answered two questions about their children’s memory. One week later, the children received a semi-structured interview. Behavior and level of sedation during the dental session were recorded. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Triangulation was used. Thirty-five children (age: 36 to 76 months) participated in the quantitative analysis. Most children showed amnesia for the dental procedure (82.9%, <i>n</i> = 29/35) and remembered receiving the sedation (82.1%, <i>n</i> = 23/28 for oral administration; 59.3%, <i>n</i> = 16/27 for intranasal administration). The occurrence of amnesia for the dental procedure was slightly higher in the oral midazolam group compared with the other groups (44.8%, <i>n</i> = 13/29 for OM, 13.8%, <i>n</i> = 4/29 for OMK, and 41.4%, <i>n</i> = 12/29 for IMK). Twenty-eight children participated in the qualitative approach. The major theme identified was that some children could remember their procedures in detail. We conclude that peri-procedural amnesia of the dental procedure was common following sedation.Karolline A. VianaMônica M. MoteraneSteven M. GreenKeira P. MasonLuciane R. CostaMDPI AGarticleamnesiamemorydental careconscious sedationchildpreschoolMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5430, p 5430 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	amnesia memory dental care conscious sedation child preschool Medicine R
spellingShingle	amnesia memory dental care conscious sedation child preschool Medicine R Karolline A. Viana Mônica M. Moterane Steven M. Green Keira P. Mason Luciane R. Costa Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
description	The incidence of peri-procedural amnesia following procedural sedation in children is unclear and difficult to determine. This study aimed to apply quantitative and qualitative approaches to better understand amnesia following dental sedation of children. After Institutional Review Board Approval, children scheduled for sedation for dental procedures with oral midazolam (OM), oral midazolam and ketamine (OMK), or intranasal midazolam and ketamine (IMK) were recruited for examination of peri-procedural amnesia. Amnesia during the dental session was assessed using a three-stage method, using identification of pictures and an animal toy. On the day following the sedation, primary caregivers answered two questions about their children’s memory. One week later, the children received a semi-structured interview. Behavior and level of sedation during the dental session were recorded. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Triangulation was used. Thirty-five children (age: 36 to 76 months) participated in the quantitative analysis. Most children showed amnesia for the dental procedure (82.9%, <i>n</i> = 29/35) and remembered receiving the sedation (82.1%, <i>n</i> = 23/28 for oral administration; 59.3%, <i>n</i> = 16/27 for intranasal administration). The occurrence of amnesia for the dental procedure was slightly higher in the oral midazolam group compared with the other groups (44.8%, <i>n</i> = 13/29 for OM, 13.8%, <i>n</i> = 4/29 for OMK, and 41.4%, <i>n</i> = 12/29 for IMK). Twenty-eight children participated in the qualitative approach. The major theme identified was that some children could remember their procedures in detail. We conclude that peri-procedural amnesia of the dental procedure was common following sedation.
format	article
author	Karolline A. Viana Mônica M. Moterane Steven M. Green Keira P. Mason Luciane R. Costa
author_facet	Karolline A. Viana Mônica M. Moterane Steven M. Green Keira P. Mason Luciane R. Costa
author_sort	Karolline A. Viana
title	Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short	Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full	Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr	Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed	Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort	amnesia after midazolam and ketamine sedation in children: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bbb031086267408f8db0454cd6e39bee
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Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

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