Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.

Antidepressants represent the standard treatment for major depression. However, their efficacy is variable and incomplete. A growing number of studies suggest that the environment plays a major role in determining the efficacy of these drugs, specifically of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (...

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Autores principales:	Igor Branchi, Sara Santarelli, Sara Capoccia, Silvia Poggini, Ivana D'Andrea, Francesca Cirulli, Enrico Alleva
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bbddc6143b504583b798a0379c891365
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bbddc6143b504583b798a0379c8913652021-11-18T07:47:17ZAntidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0062226https://doaj.org/article/bbddc6143b504583b798a0379c8913652013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23653679/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Antidepressants represent the standard treatment for major depression. However, their efficacy is variable and incomplete. A growing number of studies suggest that the environment plays a major role in determining the efficacy of these drugs, specifically of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). A recent hypothesis posits that the increase in serotonin levels induced by SSRI may not affect mood per se, but enhances neural plasticity and, consequently, renders the individual more susceptible to the influence of the environment. Thus, SSRI administration in a favorable environment would lead to a reduction of symptoms, while in a stressful environment might lead to a worse prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we treated C57BL/6 adult male mice with chronic fluoxetine while exposing them to either (i) an enriched environment, after exposure to a chronic stress period aimed at inducing a depression-like phenotype, or (ii) a stressful environment. Anhedonia, brain BDNF and circulating corticosterone levels, considered endophenotypes of depression, were investigated. Mice treated with fluoxetine in an enriched condition improved their depression-like phenotype compared to controls, displaying higher saccharin preference, higher brain BDNF levels and reduced corticosterone levels. By contrast, when chronic fluoxetine administration occurred in a stressful condition, mice showed a more distinct worsening of the depression-like profile, displaying a faster decrease of saccharin preference, lower brain BDNF levels and increased corticosterone levels. Our findings suggest that the effect of SSRI on depression-like phenotypes in mice is not determined by the drug per se but is induced by the drug and driven by the environment. These findings may be helpful to explain variable effects of SSRI found in clinical practice and to device strategies aimed at enhancing their efficacy by means of controlling environmental conditions.Igor BranchiSara SantarelliSara CapocciaSilvia PogginiIvana D'AndreaFrancesca CirulliEnrico AllevaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e62226 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Igor Branchi Sara Santarelli Sara Capoccia Silvia Poggini Ivana D'Andrea Francesca Cirulli Enrico Alleva Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
description	Antidepressants represent the standard treatment for major depression. However, their efficacy is variable and incomplete. A growing number of studies suggest that the environment plays a major role in determining the efficacy of these drugs, specifically of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). A recent hypothesis posits that the increase in serotonin levels induced by SSRI may not affect mood per se, but enhances neural plasticity and, consequently, renders the individual more susceptible to the influence of the environment. Thus, SSRI administration in a favorable environment would lead to a reduction of symptoms, while in a stressful environment might lead to a worse prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we treated C57BL/6 adult male mice with chronic fluoxetine while exposing them to either (i) an enriched environment, after exposure to a chronic stress period aimed at inducing a depression-like phenotype, or (ii) a stressful environment. Anhedonia, brain BDNF and circulating corticosterone levels, considered endophenotypes of depression, were investigated. Mice treated with fluoxetine in an enriched condition improved their depression-like phenotype compared to controls, displaying higher saccharin preference, higher brain BDNF levels and reduced corticosterone levels. By contrast, when chronic fluoxetine administration occurred in a stressful condition, mice showed a more distinct worsening of the depression-like profile, displaying a faster decrease of saccharin preference, lower brain BDNF levels and increased corticosterone levels. Our findings suggest that the effect of SSRI on depression-like phenotypes in mice is not determined by the drug per se but is induced by the drug and driven by the environment. These findings may be helpful to explain variable effects of SSRI found in clinical practice and to device strategies aimed at enhancing their efficacy by means of controlling environmental conditions.
format	article
author	Igor Branchi Sara Santarelli Sara Capoccia Silvia Poggini Ivana D'Andrea Francesca Cirulli Enrico Alleva
author_facet	Igor Branchi Sara Santarelli Sara Capoccia Silvia Poggini Ivana D'Andrea Francesca Cirulli Enrico Alleva
author_sort	Igor Branchi
title	Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
title_short	Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
title_full	Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
title_fullStr	Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
title_full_unstemmed	Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
title_sort	antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/bbddc6143b504583b798a0379c891365
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Antidepressant treatment outcome depends on the quality of the living environment: a pre-clinical investigation in mice.

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