Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece

The formation of precipitation in clouds is initiated by inorganic and organic/biological ice nuclei. Certain species of bacteria and fungi are known to act as efficient biological ice nuclei at temperatures between −10 and 0 °C. Biological ice nuclei have been found and characterized in precipitati...

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Autor principal:	Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	snow bacteria biological ice nuclei Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bbf4c7f13ac548f6ba39803063473fe9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:bbf4c7f13ac548f6ba39803063473fe9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bbf4c7f13ac548f6ba39803063473fe92021-11-25T16:45:04ZBiological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece10.3390/atmos121114612073-4433https://doaj.org/article/bbf4c7f13ac548f6ba39803063473fe92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1461https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433The formation of precipitation in clouds is initiated by inorganic and organic/biological ice nuclei. Certain species of bacteria and fungi are known to act as efficient biological ice nuclei at temperatures between −10 and 0 °C. Biological ice nuclei have been found and characterized in precipitation samples (snow, rain, and hail). We investigated the presence of warm temperature biological ice nuclei in 17 fresh snow samples from Greece and isolated and partially characterized ice nucleation active bacteria from these. All snow samples contained particles or other material active as ice nuclei at −9 °C in concentrations ranging from 3 to 943 nuclei/L. The numbers of this class of ice nuclei were reduced or eliminated after incubating snowmelt concentrates at 100 °C for 15 min and by treatment with lysozyme, a bacterial cell wall-degrading enzyme. These findings indicate the presence of microbial ice nuclei in snow samples from Greece. We also isolated ice nucleation active bacteria from some of the samples. These bacteria belong to genus <i>Pseudomonas</i> and are common on plants and soil. This is the first report on biological ice nuclei in precipitation samples from Greece.Dimitrios G. GeorgakopoulosMDPI AGarticlesnowbacteriabiological ice nucleiMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1461, p 1461 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	snow bacteria biological ice nuclei Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	snow bacteria biological ice nuclei Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
description	The formation of precipitation in clouds is initiated by inorganic and organic/biological ice nuclei. Certain species of bacteria and fungi are known to act as efficient biological ice nuclei at temperatures between −10 and 0 °C. Biological ice nuclei have been found and characterized in precipitation samples (snow, rain, and hail). We investigated the presence of warm temperature biological ice nuclei in 17 fresh snow samples from Greece and isolated and partially characterized ice nucleation active bacteria from these. All snow samples contained particles or other material active as ice nuclei at −9 °C in concentrations ranging from 3 to 943 nuclei/L. The numbers of this class of ice nuclei were reduced or eliminated after incubating snowmelt concentrates at 100 °C for 15 min and by treatment with lysozyme, a bacterial cell wall-degrading enzyme. These findings indicate the presence of microbial ice nuclei in snow samples from Greece. We also isolated ice nucleation active bacteria from some of the samples. These bacteria belong to genus <i>Pseudomonas</i> and are common on plants and soil. This is the first report on biological ice nuclei in precipitation samples from Greece.
format	article
author	Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos
author_facet	Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos
author_sort	Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos
title	Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
title_short	Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
title_full	Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
title_fullStr	Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
title_full_unstemmed	Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece
title_sort	biological ice nucleators in snow samples from greece
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bbf4c7f13ac548f6ba39803063473fe9
work_keys_str_mv	AT dimitriosggeorgakopoulos biologicalicenucleatorsinsnowsamplesfromgreece
_version_	1718413039983656960

Biological Ice Nucleators in Snow Samples from Greece

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