Transmission and Colonization of Pneumocystis jirovecii

Pneumocystis spp. was discovered in 1909 and was classified as a fungus in 1988. The species that infects humans is called P. jirovecii and important characteristics of its genome have recently been discovered. Important advances have been made to understand <...

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Autores principales:	Cristian Vera, Zulma Vanessa Rueda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> colonization transmission natural history epidemiology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc0187bdab4b4cf588ba91a5c28c6e15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc0187bdab4b4cf588ba91a5c28c6e152021-11-25T18:06:28ZTransmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>10.3390/jof71109792309-608Xhttps://doaj.org/article/bc0187bdab4b4cf588ba91a5c28c6e152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/979https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X<i>Pneumocystis</i> spp. was discovered in 1909 and was classified as a fungus in 1988. The species that infects humans is called <i>P. jirovecii</i> and important characteristics of its genome have recently been discovered. Important advances have been made to understand <i>P. jirovecii</i>, including aspects of its biology, evolution, lifecycle, and pathogenesis; it is now considered that the main route of transmission is airborne and that the infectious form is the asci (cyst), but it is unclear whether there is transmission by direct contact or droplet spread. On the other hand, <i>P. jirovecii</i> has been detected in respiratory secretions of hosts without causing disease, which has been termed asymptomatic carrier status or colonization (frequency in immunocompetent patients: 0–65%, pregnancy: 15.5%, children: 0–100%, HIV-positive patients: 20–69%, cystic fibrosis: 1–22%, and COPD: 16–55%). This article briefly describes the history of its discovery and the nomenclature of <i>Pneumocystis</i> spp., recently uncovered characteristics of its genome, and what research has been done on the transmission and colonization of <i>P. jirovecii</i>. Based on the literature, the authors of this review propose a hypothetical natural history of <i>P. jirovecii</i> infection in humans.Cristian VeraZulma Vanessa RuedaMDPI AGarticle<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>colonizationtransmissionnatural historyepidemiologyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 979, p 979 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> colonization transmission natural history epidemiology Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> colonization transmission natural history epidemiology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Cristian Vera Zulma Vanessa Rueda Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
description	<i>Pneumocystis</i> spp. was discovered in 1909 and was classified as a fungus in 1988. The species that infects humans is called <i>P. jirovecii</i> and important characteristics of its genome have recently been discovered. Important advances have been made to understand <i>P. jirovecii</i>, including aspects of its biology, evolution, lifecycle, and pathogenesis; it is now considered that the main route of transmission is airborne and that the infectious form is the asci (cyst), but it is unclear whether there is transmission by direct contact or droplet spread. On the other hand, <i>P. jirovecii</i> has been detected in respiratory secretions of hosts without causing disease, which has been termed asymptomatic carrier status or colonization (frequency in immunocompetent patients: 0–65%, pregnancy: 15.5%, children: 0–100%, HIV-positive patients: 20–69%, cystic fibrosis: 1–22%, and COPD: 16–55%). This article briefly describes the history of its discovery and the nomenclature of <i>Pneumocystis</i> spp., recently uncovered characteristics of its genome, and what research has been done on the transmission and colonization of <i>P. jirovecii</i>. Based on the literature, the authors of this review propose a hypothetical natural history of <i>P. jirovecii</i> infection in humans.
format	article
author	Cristian Vera Zulma Vanessa Rueda
author_facet	Cristian Vera Zulma Vanessa Rueda
author_sort	Cristian Vera
title	Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
title_short	Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
title_full	Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
title_fullStr	Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
title_sort	transmission and colonization of <i>pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc0187bdab4b4cf588ba91a5c28c6e15
work_keys_str_mv	AT cristianvera transmissionandcolonizationofipneumocystisjiroveciii AT zulmavanessarueda transmissionandcolonizationofipneumocystisjiroveciii
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Transmission and Colonization of <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>

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