Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

The mammalian tachykinins, substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1), are widely distributed throughout the nervous system and/or peripheral organs, and function as neurotransmitters or chemical modulators by activating their cognate receptor NK(1). The TAC1 gene encoding SP is highly expressed in the...

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Autores principales:	Atsushi Sakai, Kumiko Takasu, Makoto Sawada, Hidenori Suzuki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc0fab6aa9e94661b58e33a4674d1dee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc0fab6aa9e94661b58e33a4674d1dee2021-11-18T07:26:40ZHemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032268https://doaj.org/article/bc0fab6aa9e94661b58e33a4674d1dee2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22384199/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The mammalian tachykinins, substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1), are widely distributed throughout the nervous system and/or peripheral organs, and function as neurotransmitters or chemical modulators by activating their cognate receptor NK(1). The TAC1 gene encoding SP is highly expressed in the nervous system, while the TAC4 gene encoding HK-1 is uniformly expressed throughout the body, including a variety of peripheral immune cells. Since TAC4 mRNA is also expressed in microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, HK-1 may be involved in the inflammatory processes mediated by these cells. In the present study, we found that TAC4, rather than TAC1, was the predominant tachykinin gene expressed in primary cultured microglia. TAC4 mRNA expression was upregulated in the microglia upon their activation by lipopolysaccharide, a well-characterized Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, while TAC1 mRNA expression was downregulated. Furthermore, both nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase intracellular signaling pathways were required for the upregulation of TAC4 mRNA expression, but not for the downregulation of TAC1 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that HK-1, rather than SP, plays dominant roles in the pathological conditions associated with microglial activation, such as neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders.Atsushi SakaiKumiko TakasuMakoto SawadaHidenori SuzukiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e32268 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Atsushi Sakai Kumiko Takasu Makoto Sawada Hidenori Suzuki Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
description	The mammalian tachykinins, substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1), are widely distributed throughout the nervous system and/or peripheral organs, and function as neurotransmitters or chemical modulators by activating their cognate receptor NK(1). The TAC1 gene encoding SP is highly expressed in the nervous system, while the TAC4 gene encoding HK-1 is uniformly expressed throughout the body, including a variety of peripheral immune cells. Since TAC4 mRNA is also expressed in microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, HK-1 may be involved in the inflammatory processes mediated by these cells. In the present study, we found that TAC4, rather than TAC1, was the predominant tachykinin gene expressed in primary cultured microglia. TAC4 mRNA expression was upregulated in the microglia upon their activation by lipopolysaccharide, a well-characterized Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, while TAC1 mRNA expression was downregulated. Furthermore, both nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase intracellular signaling pathways were required for the upregulation of TAC4 mRNA expression, but not for the downregulation of TAC1 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that HK-1, rather than SP, plays dominant roles in the pathological conditions associated with microglial activation, such as neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders.
format	article
author	Atsushi Sakai Kumiko Takasu Makoto Sawada Hidenori Suzuki
author_facet	Atsushi Sakai Kumiko Takasu Makoto Sawada Hidenori Suzuki
author_sort	Atsushi Sakai
title	Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
title_short	Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
title_full	Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
title_fullStr	Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
title_full_unstemmed	Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
title_sort	hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through nf-κb and p38 mapk signaling pathways.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc0fab6aa9e94661b58e33a4674d1dee
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Hemokinin-1 gene expression is upregulated in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide through NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

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