Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.

Cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA, cerebrovascular dysfunction characterized by vascular constriction, occlusion and damage results in impaired perfusion and reduced cerebral...

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Autores principales:	Peng Kai Ong, Benoît Melchior, Yuri C Martins, Anthony Hofer, Pamela Orjuela-Sánchez, Pedro Cabrales, Graziela M Zanini, John A Frangos, Leonardo J M Carvalho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc225a2350894492805c291cd8e6e88d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc225a2350894492805c291cd8e6e88d2021-11-18T06:05:29ZNitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1003444https://doaj.org/article/bc225a2350894492805c291cd8e6e88d2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23818850/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA, cerebrovascular dysfunction characterized by vascular constriction, occlusion and damage results in impaired perfusion and reduced cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, and has been linked to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Here, we directly assessed cerebrovascular function in ECM using a novel cranial window method for intravital microscopy of the pial microcirculation and probed the role of NOS isoforms and phosphorylation patterns in the impaired vascular responses. We show that pial arteriolar responses to endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) agonists (Acetylcholine (ACh) and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)) were blunted in mice with ECM, and could be partially recovered by exogenous supplementation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Pial arterioles in non-ECM mice infected by Plasmodium berghei NK65 remained relatively responsive to the agonists and were not significantly affected by BH4 treatment. These findings, together with the observed blunting of NO production upon stimulation by the agonists, decrease in total NOS activity, augmentation of lipid peroxidation levels, upregulation of eNOS protein expression, and increase in eNOS and nNOS monomerization in the brain during ECM development strongly indicate a state of eNOS/nNOS uncoupling likely mediated by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the downregulation of Serine 1176 (S1176) phosphorylation of eNOS, which correlated with a decrease in cerebrovascular wall shear stress, implicates hemorheological disturbances in eNOS dysfunction in ECM. Finally, pial arterioles responded to superfusion with the NO donor, S-Nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO), but with decreased intensity, indicating that not only NO production but also signaling is perturbed during ECM. Therefore, the pathological impairment of eNOS and nNOS functions contribute importantly to cerebrovascular dysfunction in ECM and the recovery of intrinsic functionality of NOS to increase NO bioavailability and restore vascular health represents a target for ECM treatment.Peng Kai OngBenoît MelchiorYuri C MartinsAnthony HoferPamela Orjuela-SánchezPedro CabralesGraziela M ZaniniJohn A FrangosLeonardo J M CarvalhoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e1003444 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Peng Kai Ong Benoît Melchior Yuri C Martins Anthony Hofer Pamela Orjuela-Sánchez Pedro Cabrales Graziela M Zanini John A Frangos Leonardo J M Carvalho Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
description	Cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. In experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA, cerebrovascular dysfunction characterized by vascular constriction, occlusion and damage results in impaired perfusion and reduced cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, and has been linked to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Here, we directly assessed cerebrovascular function in ECM using a novel cranial window method for intravital microscopy of the pial microcirculation and probed the role of NOS isoforms and phosphorylation patterns in the impaired vascular responses. We show that pial arteriolar responses to endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) agonists (Acetylcholine (ACh) and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)) were blunted in mice with ECM, and could be partially recovered by exogenous supplementation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Pial arterioles in non-ECM mice infected by Plasmodium berghei NK65 remained relatively responsive to the agonists and were not significantly affected by BH4 treatment. These findings, together with the observed blunting of NO production upon stimulation by the agonists, decrease in total NOS activity, augmentation of lipid peroxidation levels, upregulation of eNOS protein expression, and increase in eNOS and nNOS monomerization in the brain during ECM development strongly indicate a state of eNOS/nNOS uncoupling likely mediated by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the downregulation of Serine 1176 (S1176) phosphorylation of eNOS, which correlated with a decrease in cerebrovascular wall shear stress, implicates hemorheological disturbances in eNOS dysfunction in ECM. Finally, pial arterioles responded to superfusion with the NO donor, S-Nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO), but with decreased intensity, indicating that not only NO production but also signaling is perturbed during ECM. Therefore, the pathological impairment of eNOS and nNOS functions contribute importantly to cerebrovascular dysfunction in ECM and the recovery of intrinsic functionality of NOS to increase NO bioavailability and restore vascular health represents a target for ECM treatment.
format	article
author	Peng Kai Ong Benoît Melchior Yuri C Martins Anthony Hofer Pamela Orjuela-Sánchez Pedro Cabrales Graziela M Zanini John A Frangos Leonardo J M Carvalho
author_facet	Peng Kai Ong Benoît Melchior Yuri C Martins Anthony Hofer Pamela Orjuela-Sánchez Pedro Cabrales Graziela M Zanini John A Frangos Leonardo J M Carvalho
author_sort	Peng Kai Ong
title	Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
title_short	Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
title_full	Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
title_fullStr	Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
title_full_unstemmed	Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
title_sort	nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc225a2350894492805c291cd8e6e88d
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Nitric oxide synthase dysfunction contributes to impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity in experimental cerebral malaria.

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