Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Analyse the effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), a wage-for-employment policy of the Indian Government, on infant malnutrition and delineate the pathways through which MGNREGA affects infant malnutrition.<h4>Hypothesis&l...

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Autores principales:	Manisha Nair, Proochista Ariana, Eric O Ohuma, Ron Gray, Bianca De Stavola, Premila Webster
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc61ff38f6ff42758adb28602e1e93d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc61ff38f6ff42758adb28602e1e93d32021-11-18T08:53:45ZEffect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0075089https://doaj.org/article/bc61ff38f6ff42758adb28602e1e93d32013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24086447/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>Analyse the effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), a wage-for-employment policy of the Indian Government, on infant malnutrition and delineate the pathways through which MGNREGA affects infant malnutrition.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>MGNREGA could reduce infant malnutrition through positive effects on household food security and infant feeding.<h4>Method</h4>Mixed methods using cross-sectional study and focus group discussions conducted in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India.<h4>Participants</h4>Infants aged 1 to <12 months and their mothers/caregivers. Final sample 528 households with 1056 participants, response rate 89.6%. Selected households were divided into MGNREGA-households and non-MGNREGA-households based on participation in MGNREGA between August-2010 and September-2011.<h4>Outcomes</h4>Infant malnutrition measured using anthropometric indicators - underweight, stunting, and wasting (WHO criteria).<h4>Results</h4>We included 528 households with 1,056 participants. Out of 528, 281 households took part in MGNREGA between August'10, and September'11. Prevalence of wasting was 39%, stunting 24%, and underweight 50%. Households participating in MGNREGA were less likely to have wasted infants (OR 0·57, 95% CI 0·37-0·89, p = 0·014) and less likely to have underweight infants (OR 0·48, 95% CI 0·30-0·76, p = 0·002) than non-participating households. Stunting did not differ significantly between groups. We did 11 focus group discussions with 62 mothers. Although MGNREGA reduced starvation, it did not provide the desired benefits because of lower than standard wages and delayed payments. Results from path analysis did not support existence of an effect through household food security and infant feeding, but suggested a pathway of effect through low birth-weight.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Participation in MGNREGA was associated with reduced infant malnutrition possibly mediated indirectly via improved birth-weight rather than by improved infant feeding. Addressing factors such as lack of mothers' knowledge and inappropriate feeding practices, over and above the social and economic policies, is key in efforts to reduce infant malnutrition.Manisha NairProochista ArianaEric O OhumaRon GrayBianca De StavolaPremila WebsterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e75089 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Manisha Nair Proochista Ariana Eric O Ohuma Ron Gray Bianca De Stavola Premila Webster Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>Analyse the effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), a wage-for-employment policy of the Indian Government, on infant malnutrition and delineate the pathways through which MGNREGA affects infant malnutrition.<h4>Hypothesis</h4>MGNREGA could reduce infant malnutrition through positive effects on household food security and infant feeding.<h4>Method</h4>Mixed methods using cross-sectional study and focus group discussions conducted in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India.<h4>Participants</h4>Infants aged 1 to <12 months and their mothers/caregivers. Final sample 528 households with 1056 participants, response rate 89.6%. Selected households were divided into MGNREGA-households and non-MGNREGA-households based on participation in MGNREGA between August-2010 and September-2011.<h4>Outcomes</h4>Infant malnutrition measured using anthropometric indicators - underweight, stunting, and wasting (WHO criteria).<h4>Results</h4>We included 528 households with 1,056 participants. Out of 528, 281 households took part in MGNREGA between August'10, and September'11. Prevalence of wasting was 39%, stunting 24%, and underweight 50%. Households participating in MGNREGA were less likely to have wasted infants (OR 0·57, 95% CI 0·37-0·89, p = 0·014) and less likely to have underweight infants (OR 0·48, 95% CI 0·30-0·76, p = 0·002) than non-participating households. Stunting did not differ significantly between groups. We did 11 focus group discussions with 62 mothers. Although MGNREGA reduced starvation, it did not provide the desired benefits because of lower than standard wages and delayed payments. Results from path analysis did not support existence of an effect through household food security and infant feeding, but suggested a pathway of effect through low birth-weight.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Participation in MGNREGA was associated with reduced infant malnutrition possibly mediated indirectly via improved birth-weight rather than by improved infant feeding. Addressing factors such as lack of mothers' knowledge and inappropriate feeding practices, over and above the social and economic policies, is key in efforts to reduce infant malnutrition.
format	article
author	Manisha Nair Proochista Ariana Eric O Ohuma Ron Gray Bianca De Stavola Premila Webster
author_facet	Manisha Nair Proochista Ariana Eric O Ohuma Ron Gray Bianca De Stavola Premila Webster
author_sort	Manisha Nair
title	Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
title_short	Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
title_full	Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
title_fullStr	Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.
title_sort	effect of the mahatma gandhi national rural employment guarantee act (mgnrega) on malnutrition of infants in rajasthan, india: a mixed methods study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc61ff38f6ff42758adb28602e1e93d3
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Effect of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on malnutrition of infants in Rajasthan, India: a mixed methods study.

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