Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background: Using straight-line distance to estimate the proximity of public-access Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) or volunteer first-responders to potential out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) does not reflect real-world travel distance. The difference between estimates may be an impo...

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Autores principales:	Christopher M. Smith, Ranjit Lall, Robert Spaight, Rachael T. Fothergill, Terry Brown, Gavin D. Perkins
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Public-access Automated External Defibrillators Bystanders Volunteer first-responders Geographical Information Systems Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc69491108714291875050044a9a480f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc69491108714291875050044a9a480f2021-11-12T04:48:11ZCalculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest2666-520410.1016/j.resplu.2021.100176https://doaj.org/article/bc69491108714291875050044a9a480f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666520421001016https://doaj.org/toc/2666-5204Background: Using straight-line distance to estimate the proximity of public-access Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) or volunteer first-responders to potential out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) does not reflect real-world travel distance. The difference between estimates may be an important consideration for bystanders and first-responders responding to OHCAs and may potentially impact patient outcome. Objectives: To explore how calculating real-world travel routes instead of using straight-line distance estimates might impact the community response to OHCA. Methods: We mapped 4355 OHCA (01/04/2016-31/03/2017) and 2677 AEDs in London (UK), and 1263 OHCA (18/06/2017-17/06/2018) and 4704 AEDs in East Midlands (UK) using ArcGIS mapping software. We determined the distance from OHCAs to the nearest AED using straight-line estimates and real-world travel routes. We mapped locations of potential OHCAs (London: n = 9065, 20/09/2019-22/03/2020; East Midlands: n = 7637, 20/09/2019-17/03/2020) for which volunteer first-responders were alerted by the GoodSAM mobile-phone app, and calculated response distance using straight-line estimates and real-world travel routes. We created Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the Area Under the Curve (AUC) to determine if travel distance predicted whether or not a responder accepted an alert. Results: Real-world travel routes to the nearest AED were (median) 219 m longer (623 m vs 406 m) than straight-line estimates in London, and 211 m longer (568 m vs 357 m) in East Midlands. The identity of the nearest AED changed on 26% occasions in both areas when calculating real-world travel routes. GoodSAM responders’ real-world travel routes were (median) 222 m longer (601 m vs 379 m) in London, and 291 m longer (814 m vs 523 m) in East Midlands. AUC statistics for both areas demonstrated that neither straight-line nor real-world travel distance predicted whether or not a responder accepted an alert. Conclusions: Calculating real-world travel routes increases the estimated travel distance and time for those responding to OHCAs. Calculating straight-line distance may overestimate the benefit of the community response to OHCA.Christopher M. SmithRanjit LallRobert SpaightRachael T. FothergillTerry BrownGavin D. PerkinsElsevierarticleOut-of-hospital cardiac arrestPublic-access Automated External DefibrillatorsBystandersVolunteer first-respondersGeographical Information SystemsSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENResuscitation Plus, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100176- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Public-access Automated External Defibrillators Bystanders Volunteer first-responders Geographical Information Systems Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Public-access Automated External Defibrillators Bystanders Volunteer first-responders Geographical Information Systems Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Christopher M. Smith Ranjit Lall Robert Spaight Rachael T. Fothergill Terry Brown Gavin D. Perkins Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
description	Background: Using straight-line distance to estimate the proximity of public-access Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) or volunteer first-responders to potential out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) does not reflect real-world travel distance. The difference between estimates may be an important consideration for bystanders and first-responders responding to OHCAs and may potentially impact patient outcome. Objectives: To explore how calculating real-world travel routes instead of using straight-line distance estimates might impact the community response to OHCA. Methods: We mapped 4355 OHCA (01/04/2016-31/03/2017) and 2677 AEDs in London (UK), and 1263 OHCA (18/06/2017-17/06/2018) and 4704 AEDs in East Midlands (UK) using ArcGIS mapping software. We determined the distance from OHCAs to the nearest AED using straight-line estimates and real-world travel routes. We mapped locations of potential OHCAs (London: n = 9065, 20/09/2019-22/03/2020; East Midlands: n = 7637, 20/09/2019-17/03/2020) for which volunteer first-responders were alerted by the GoodSAM mobile-phone app, and calculated response distance using straight-line estimates and real-world travel routes. We created Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the Area Under the Curve (AUC) to determine if travel distance predicted whether or not a responder accepted an alert. Results: Real-world travel routes to the nearest AED were (median) 219 m longer (623 m vs 406 m) than straight-line estimates in London, and 211 m longer (568 m vs 357 m) in East Midlands. The identity of the nearest AED changed on 26% occasions in both areas when calculating real-world travel routes. GoodSAM responders’ real-world travel routes were (median) 222 m longer (601 m vs 379 m) in London, and 291 m longer (814 m vs 523 m) in East Midlands. AUC statistics for both areas demonstrated that neither straight-line nor real-world travel distance predicted whether or not a responder accepted an alert. Conclusions: Calculating real-world travel routes increases the estimated travel distance and time for those responding to OHCAs. Calculating straight-line distance may overestimate the benefit of the community response to OHCA.
format	article
author	Christopher M. Smith Ranjit Lall Robert Spaight Rachael T. Fothergill Terry Brown Gavin D. Perkins
author_facet	Christopher M. Smith Ranjit Lall Robert Spaight Rachael T. Fothergill Terry Brown Gavin D. Perkins
author_sort	Christopher M. Smith
title	Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_short	Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_full	Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_fullStr	Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_full_unstemmed	Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
title_sort	calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc69491108714291875050044a9a480f
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Calculating real-world travel routes instead of straight-line distance in the community response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

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