The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.

Protozoan parasites are responsible for severe disease and suffering in humans worldwide. Apart from disease transmission via insect vectors and contaminated soil, food, or water, transmission may occur congenitally or by way of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Several recent outbreaks a...

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Autores principales:	Smita Sutrave, Martin Heinrich Richter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc7477298ff34a628e05a2215f459085
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc7477298ff34a628e05a2215f4590852021-12-02T20:23:36ZThe Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009668https://doaj.org/article/bc7477298ff34a628e05a2215f4590852021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009668https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Protozoan parasites are responsible for severe disease and suffering in humans worldwide. Apart from disease transmission via insect vectors and contaminated soil, food, or water, transmission may occur congenitally or by way of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Several recent outbreaks associated with fresh produce and potable water emphasize the need for vigilance and monitoring of protozoan parasites that cause severe disease in humans globally. Apart from the tropical parasite Plasmodium spp., other protozoa causing debilitating and fatal diseases such as Trypanosoma spp. and Naegleria fowleri need to be studied in more detail. Climate change and socioeconomic issues such as migration continue to be major drivers for the spread of these neglected tropical diseases beyond endemic zones. Due to the complex life cycles of protozoa involving multiple hosts, vectors, and stringent growth conditions, studying these parasites has been challenging. While in vivo models may provide insights into host-parasite interaction, the ethical aspects of laboratory animal use and the challenge of ready availability of parasite life stages underline the need for in vitro models as valid alternatives for culturing and maintaining protozoan parasites. To our knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to highlight available in vitro models for protozoa causing highly infectious diseases. In recent years, several research efforts using new technologies such as 3D organoid and spheroid systems for protozoan parasites have been introduced that provide valuable tools to advance complex culturing models and offer new opportunities toward the advancement of parasite in vitro studies. In vitro models aid scientists and healthcare providers in gaining insights into parasite infection biology, ultimately enabling the use of novel strategies for preventing and treating these diseases.Smita SutraveMartin Heinrich RichterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009668 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Smita Sutrave Martin Heinrich Richter The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
description	Protozoan parasites are responsible for severe disease and suffering in humans worldwide. Apart from disease transmission via insect vectors and contaminated soil, food, or water, transmission may occur congenitally or by way of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Several recent outbreaks associated with fresh produce and potable water emphasize the need for vigilance and monitoring of protozoan parasites that cause severe disease in humans globally. Apart from the tropical parasite Plasmodium spp., other protozoa causing debilitating and fatal diseases such as Trypanosoma spp. and Naegleria fowleri need to be studied in more detail. Climate change and socioeconomic issues such as migration continue to be major drivers for the spread of these neglected tropical diseases beyond endemic zones. Due to the complex life cycles of protozoa involving multiple hosts, vectors, and stringent growth conditions, studying these parasites has been challenging. While in vivo models may provide insights into host-parasite interaction, the ethical aspects of laboratory animal use and the challenge of ready availability of parasite life stages underline the need for in vitro models as valid alternatives for culturing and maintaining protozoan parasites. To our knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to highlight available in vitro models for protozoa causing highly infectious diseases. In recent years, several research efforts using new technologies such as 3D organoid and spheroid systems for protozoan parasites have been introduced that provide valuable tools to advance complex culturing models and offer new opportunities toward the advancement of parasite in vitro studies. In vitro models aid scientists and healthcare providers in gaining insights into parasite infection biology, ultimately enabling the use of novel strategies for preventing and treating these diseases.
format	article
author	Smita Sutrave Martin Heinrich Richter
author_facet	Smita Sutrave Martin Heinrich Richter
author_sort	Smita Sutrave
title	The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
title_short	The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
title_full	The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
title_fullStr	The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
title_full_unstemmed	The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
title_sort	truman show for protozoan parasites: a review of in vitro cultivation platforms.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc7477298ff34a628e05a2215f459085
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The Truman Show for protozoan parasites: A review of in vitro cultivation platforms.

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