Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic substance that pollutes the environment with multiple organs. Long-term exposure to Cd can cause fibrosis in the lungs and other organs of animal body. This article explored the effects of subacute Cd exposure on pig liver fibrosis, as well as the polarization of microRNA (mi...

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Autores principales:	Wei Cui, Sitong Zhou, YuLin Wang, Xu Shi, Honggui Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Cadmium Pig Liver M1/M2 imbalance TGF-β/PI3K/AKT Fibrosis Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc8497b8879342df979257d30b5f5a0b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc8497b8879342df979257d30b5f5a0b2021-11-24T04:26:42ZCadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113015https://doaj.org/article/bc8497b8879342df979257d30b5f5a0b2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321011271https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic substance that pollutes the environment with multiple organs. Long-term exposure to Cd can cause fibrosis in the lungs and other organs of animal body. This article explored the effects of subacute Cd exposure on pig liver fibrosis, as well as the polarization of microRNA (miRNA) and M1/M2 macrophages during this process. Based on the establishment of the pig subacute CdCl2 exposure model, we used immunofluorescence staining, Masson staining, qRT-PCR and western blotting to conduct further research. The results showed that Cd exposure can increase the expression of miRNA-21, decrease the expression of TGF-β and SMAD7, increase the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, cause the M1/M2 imbalance and the increase of M1 polarization. Meantime, it causes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and causes an imbalance in the expression of TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9, which are related to the degree of fibrosis. And the expression of α-SMA, COL1 and COL3 were up-regulated. In the pig, these results indicate that liver fibrosis caused by subacute CdCl2 exposure is induced by the M1 polarization of macrophages through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activated by miRNA-21 signaling pathway. These research results not only enrich the theoretical basis and reference value of Cd toxicology research, but also provide new references and new research ideas for comparative medicine.Wei CuiSitong ZhouYuLin WangXu ShiHonggui LiuElsevierarticleCadmiumPig LiverM1/M2 imbalanceTGF-β/PI3K/AKTFibrosisEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 113015- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cadmium Pig Liver M1/M2 imbalance TGF-β/PI3K/AKT Fibrosis Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Cadmium Pig Liver M1/M2 imbalance TGF-β/PI3K/AKT Fibrosis Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Wei Cui Sitong Zhou YuLin Wang Xu Shi Honggui Liu Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
description	Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic substance that pollutes the environment with multiple organs. Long-term exposure to Cd can cause fibrosis in the lungs and other organs of animal body. This article explored the effects of subacute Cd exposure on pig liver fibrosis, as well as the polarization of microRNA (miRNA) and M1/M2 macrophages during this process. Based on the establishment of the pig subacute CdCl2 exposure model, we used immunofluorescence staining, Masson staining, qRT-PCR and western blotting to conduct further research. The results showed that Cd exposure can increase the expression of miRNA-21, decrease the expression of TGF-β and SMAD7, increase the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, cause the M1/M2 imbalance and the increase of M1 polarization. Meantime, it causes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and causes an imbalance in the expression of TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9, which are related to the degree of fibrosis. And the expression of α-SMA, COL1 and COL3 were up-regulated. In the pig, these results indicate that liver fibrosis caused by subacute CdCl2 exposure is induced by the M1 polarization of macrophages through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activated by miRNA-21 signaling pathway. These research results not only enrich the theoretical basis and reference value of Cd toxicology research, but also provide new references and new research ideas for comparative medicine.
format	article
author	Wei Cui Sitong Zhou YuLin Wang Xu Shi Honggui Liu
author_facet	Wei Cui Sitong Zhou YuLin Wang Xu Shi Honggui Liu
author_sort	Wei Cui
title	Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
title_short	Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
title_full	Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
title_fullStr	Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
title_full_unstemmed	Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
title_sort	cadmium exposure activates the pi3k/akt signaling pathway through mirna-21, induces an increase in m1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc8497b8879342df979257d30b5f5a0b
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Cadmium exposure activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through miRNA-21, induces an increase in M1 polarization of macrophages, and leads to fibrosis of pig liver tissue

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