The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries

Abstract European countries have made significant progress in implementing tobacco control policies to reduce tobacco use; however, whether socioeconomic status (SES) of a country may influence the implementation of such policies is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between...

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Autores principales:	Ariadna Feliu, Filippos T. Filippidis, Luk Joossens, Beladenta Amalia, Olena Tigova, Cristina Martínez, Esteve Fernández
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bc9fe33e591b434fbec4589b14f270e3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bc9fe33e591b434fbec4589b14f270e32021-12-02T16:55:45ZThe association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries10.1038/s41598-021-88194-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bc9fe33e591b434fbec4589b14f270e32021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88194-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract European countries have made significant progress in implementing tobacco control policies to reduce tobacco use; however, whether socioeconomic status (SES) of a country may influence the implementation of such policies is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between country-level SES and the implementation level of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries. An ecological study using data from Eurostat, Human Development Reports on several SES indicators and the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) of 2016 was conducted to measure country-level tobacco control policies. We analysed the relationship between SES indicators and the TCS by means of scatter-plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rsp) and multivariable linear regression analysis. In Europe, no statistically significant association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies. Only public spending on tobacco control was associated with all SES factors, except for Gini Index (an income inequality index). The strongest associations of TCS scores for this policy domain were found with the Human Development Index (rsp = 0.586; p < 0.001) and the Gross Domestic Product per capita (in Euros) (rsp = 0.562; p = 0.001). The adjusted linear regression model showed an association of tobacco control policy implementation with countries’ geographical location (Western Europe, β = − 15.7; p = 0.009, compared to Northern Europe). In conclusion, no association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries; policymakers should be aware that tobacco control policies could be successfully implemented despite socioeconomic constraints, especially when these policies are of low cost and cost-effective (i.e., smoke-free bans and taxation).Ariadna FeliuFilippos T. FilippidisLuk JoossensBeladenta AmaliaOlena TigovaCristina MartínezEsteve FernándezNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ariadna Feliu Filippos T. Filippidis Luk Joossens Beladenta Amalia Olena Tigova Cristina Martínez Esteve Fernández The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
description	Abstract European countries have made significant progress in implementing tobacco control policies to reduce tobacco use; however, whether socioeconomic status (SES) of a country may influence the implementation of such policies is unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between country-level SES and the implementation level of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries. An ecological study using data from Eurostat, Human Development Reports on several SES indicators and the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) of 2016 was conducted to measure country-level tobacco control policies. We analysed the relationship between SES indicators and the TCS by means of scatter-plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rsp) and multivariable linear regression analysis. In Europe, no statistically significant association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies. Only public spending on tobacco control was associated with all SES factors, except for Gini Index (an income inequality index). The strongest associations of TCS scores for this policy domain were found with the Human Development Index (rsp = 0.586; p < 0.001) and the Gross Domestic Product per capita (in Euros) (rsp = 0.562; p = 0.001). The adjusted linear regression model showed an association of tobacco control policy implementation with countries’ geographical location (Western Europe, β = − 15.7; p = 0.009, compared to Northern Europe). In conclusion, no association was found between SES factors and the level of implementation of tobacco control policies in 31 European countries; policymakers should be aware that tobacco control policies could be successfully implemented despite socioeconomic constraints, especially when these policies are of low cost and cost-effective (i.e., smoke-free bans and taxation).
format	article
author	Ariadna Feliu Filippos T. Filippidis Luk Joossens Beladenta Amalia Olena Tigova Cristina Martínez Esteve Fernández
author_facet	Ariadna Feliu Filippos T. Filippidis Luk Joossens Beladenta Amalia Olena Tigova Cristina Martínez Esteve Fernández
author_sort	Ariadna Feliu
title	The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
title_short	The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
title_full	The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
title_fullStr	The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
title_full_unstemmed	The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries
title_sort	association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 european countries
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bc9fe33e591b434fbec4589b14f270e3
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The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries

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