Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.

Urbanisation alters landscapes, introduces wildlife to novel stressors, and fragments habitats into remnant 'islands'. Within these islands, isolated wildlife populations can experience genetic drift and subsequently suffer from inbreeding depression and reduced adaptive potential. The Wes...

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Autores principales:	Damian C Lettoof, Vicki A Thomson, Jari Cornelis, Philip W Bateman, Fabien Aubret, Marthe M Gagnon, Brenton von Takach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bcafb737ab114467a57ca0183105f384
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bcafb737ab114467a57ca0183105f3842021-12-02T20:13:21ZBioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259124https://doaj.org/article/bcafb737ab114467a57ca0183105f3842021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259124https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Urbanisation alters landscapes, introduces wildlife to novel stressors, and fragments habitats into remnant 'islands'. Within these islands, isolated wildlife populations can experience genetic drift and subsequently suffer from inbreeding depression and reduced adaptive potential. The Western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis) is a predator of wetlands in the Swan Coastal Plain, a unique bioregion that has suffered substantial degradation through the development of the city of Perth, Western Australia. Within the urban matrix, tiger snakes now only persist in a handful of wetlands where they are known to bioaccumulate a suite of contaminants, and have recently been suggested as a relevant bioindicator of ecosystem health. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to explore the contemporary population genomics of seven tiger snake populations across the urban matrix. Specifically, we used population genomic structure and diversity, effective population sizes (Ne), and heterozygosity-fitness correlations to assess fitness of each population with respect to urbanisation. We found that population genomic structure was strongest across the northern and southern sides of a major river system, with the northern cluster of populations exhibiting lower heterozygosities than the southern cluster, likely due to a lack of historical gene flow. We also observed an increasing signal of inbreeding and genetic drift with increasing geographic isolation due to urbanisation. Effective population sizes (Ne) at most sites were small (< 100), with Ne appearing to reflect the area of available habitat rather than the degree of adjacent urbanisation. This suggests that ecosystem management and restoration may be the best method to buffer the further loss of genetic diversity in urban wetlands. If tiger snake populations continue to decline in urban areas, our results provide a baseline measure of genomic diversity, as well as highlighting which 'islands' of habitat are most in need of management and protection.Damian C LettoofVicki A ThomsonJari CornelisPhilip W BatemanFabien AubretMarthe M GagnonBrenton von TakachPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0259124 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Damian C Lettoof Vicki A Thomson Jari Cornelis Philip W Bateman Fabien Aubret Marthe M Gagnon Brenton von Takach Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
description	Urbanisation alters landscapes, introduces wildlife to novel stressors, and fragments habitats into remnant 'islands'. Within these islands, isolated wildlife populations can experience genetic drift and subsequently suffer from inbreeding depression and reduced adaptive potential. The Western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis) is a predator of wetlands in the Swan Coastal Plain, a unique bioregion that has suffered substantial degradation through the development of the city of Perth, Western Australia. Within the urban matrix, tiger snakes now only persist in a handful of wetlands where they are known to bioaccumulate a suite of contaminants, and have recently been suggested as a relevant bioindicator of ecosystem health. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to explore the contemporary population genomics of seven tiger snake populations across the urban matrix. Specifically, we used population genomic structure and diversity, effective population sizes (Ne), and heterozygosity-fitness correlations to assess fitness of each population with respect to urbanisation. We found that population genomic structure was strongest across the northern and southern sides of a major river system, with the northern cluster of populations exhibiting lower heterozygosities than the southern cluster, likely due to a lack of historical gene flow. We also observed an increasing signal of inbreeding and genetic drift with increasing geographic isolation due to urbanisation. Effective population sizes (Ne) at most sites were small (< 100), with Ne appearing to reflect the area of available habitat rather than the degree of adjacent urbanisation. This suggests that ecosystem management and restoration may be the best method to buffer the further loss of genetic diversity in urban wetlands. If tiger snake populations continue to decline in urban areas, our results provide a baseline measure of genomic diversity, as well as highlighting which 'islands' of habitat are most in need of management and protection.
format	article
author	Damian C Lettoof Vicki A Thomson Jari Cornelis Philip W Bateman Fabien Aubret Marthe M Gagnon Brenton von Takach
author_facet	Damian C Lettoof Vicki A Thomson Jari Cornelis Philip W Bateman Fabien Aubret Marthe M Gagnon Brenton von Takach
author_sort	Damian C Lettoof
title	Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
title_short	Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
title_full	Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
title_fullStr	Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
title_full_unstemmed	Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
title_sort	bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bcafb737ab114467a57ca0183105f384
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Bioindicator snake shows genomic signatures of natural and anthropogenic barriers to gene flow.

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