A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands

ABSTRACT We discovered a new lineage of the globally important fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii on the basis of analysis of six isolates collected from three locations spanning the Central Miombo Woodlands of Zambia, Africa. All isolates were from environments (middens and tree holes) that are as...

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Autores principales:	Rhys A. Farrer, Miwha Chang, Michael J. Davis, Lucy van Dorp, Dong-Hoon Yang, Terrance Shea, Thomas R. Sewell, Wieland Meyer, Francois Balloux, Hannah M. Edwards, Duncan Chanda, Geoffrey Kwenda, Mathieu Vanhove, Yun C. Chang, Christina A. Cuomo, Matthew C. Fisher, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Cryptococcus drug resistance evolution genome analysis molecular epidemiology mycology population genetics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bcb77ff1bd024b81bbe6dd0516cb5c36
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bcb77ff1bd024b81bbe6dd0516cb5c362021-11-15T15:54:46ZA New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands10.1128/mBio.02306-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/bcb77ff1bd024b81bbe6dd0516cb5c362019-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02306-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT We discovered a new lineage of the globally important fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii on the basis of analysis of six isolates collected from three locations spanning the Central Miombo Woodlands of Zambia, Africa. All isolates were from environments (middens and tree holes) that are associated with a small mammal, the African hyrax. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses confirmed that these isolates form a distinct, deeply divergent lineage, which we name VGV. VGV comprises two subclades (A and B) that are capable of causing mild lung infection with negligible neurotropism in mice. Comparing the VGV genome to previously identified lineages of C. gattii revealed a unique suite of genes together with gene loss and inversion events. However, standard URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis could not distinguish between VGV and VGIV isolates. We therefore developed a new URA5 RFLP method that can reliably identify the newly described lineage. Our work highlights how sampling understudied ecological regions alongside genomic and functional characterization can broaden our understanding of the evolution and ecology of major global pathogens. IMPORTANCE Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental pathogen that causes severe systemic infection in immunocompetent individuals more often than in immunocompromised humans. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have shown that C. gattii falls within four genetically distinct major lineages. By combining field work from an understudied ecological region (the Central Miombo Woodlands of Zambia, Africa), genome sequencing and assemblies, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, and phenotypic characterization (morphology, histopathological, drug-sensitivity, survival experiments), we discovered a hitherto unknown lineage, which we name VGV (variety gattii five). The discovery of a new lineage from an understudied ecological region has far-reaching implications for the study and understanding of fungal pathogens and diseases they cause.Rhys A. FarrerMiwha ChangMichael J. DavisLucy van DorpDong-Hoon YangTerrance SheaThomas R. SewellWieland MeyerFrancois BallouxHannah M. EdwardsDuncan ChandaGeoffrey KwendaMathieu VanhoveYun C. ChangChristina A. CuomoMatthew C. FisherKyung J. Kwon-ChungAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCryptococcusdrug resistance evolutiongenome analysismolecular epidemiologymycologypopulation geneticsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 6 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cryptococcus drug resistance evolution genome analysis molecular epidemiology mycology population genetics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Cryptococcus drug resistance evolution genome analysis molecular epidemiology mycology population genetics Microbiology QR1-502 Rhys A. Farrer Miwha Chang Michael J. Davis Lucy van Dorp Dong-Hoon Yang Terrance Shea Thomas R. Sewell Wieland Meyer Francois Balloux Hannah M. Edwards Duncan Chanda Geoffrey Kwenda Mathieu Vanhove Yun C. Chang Christina A. Cuomo Matthew C. Fisher Kyung J. Kwon-Chung A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
description	ABSTRACT We discovered a new lineage of the globally important fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii on the basis of analysis of six isolates collected from three locations spanning the Central Miombo Woodlands of Zambia, Africa. All isolates were from environments (middens and tree holes) that are associated with a small mammal, the African hyrax. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses confirmed that these isolates form a distinct, deeply divergent lineage, which we name VGV. VGV comprises two subclades (A and B) that are capable of causing mild lung infection with negligible neurotropism in mice. Comparing the VGV genome to previously identified lineages of C. gattii revealed a unique suite of genes together with gene loss and inversion events. However, standard URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis could not distinguish between VGV and VGIV isolates. We therefore developed a new URA5 RFLP method that can reliably identify the newly described lineage. Our work highlights how sampling understudied ecological regions alongside genomic and functional characterization can broaden our understanding of the evolution and ecology of major global pathogens. IMPORTANCE Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental pathogen that causes severe systemic infection in immunocompetent individuals more often than in immunocompromised humans. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have shown that C. gattii falls within four genetically distinct major lineages. By combining field work from an understudied ecological region (the Central Miombo Woodlands of Zambia, Africa), genome sequencing and assemblies, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, and phenotypic characterization (morphology, histopathological, drug-sensitivity, survival experiments), we discovered a hitherto unknown lineage, which we name VGV (variety gattii five). The discovery of a new lineage from an understudied ecological region has far-reaching implications for the study and understanding of fungal pathogens and diseases they cause.
format	article
author	Rhys A. Farrer Miwha Chang Michael J. Davis Lucy van Dorp Dong-Hoon Yang Terrance Shea Thomas R. Sewell Wieland Meyer Francois Balloux Hannah M. Edwards Duncan Chanda Geoffrey Kwenda Mathieu Vanhove Yun C. Chang Christina A. Cuomo Matthew C. Fisher Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
author_facet	Rhys A. Farrer Miwha Chang Michael J. Davis Lucy van Dorp Dong-Hoon Yang Terrance Shea Thomas R. Sewell Wieland Meyer Francois Balloux Hannah M. Edwards Duncan Chanda Geoffrey Kwenda Mathieu Vanhove Yun C. Chang Christina A. Cuomo Matthew C. Fisher Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
author_sort	Rhys A. Farrer
title	A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
title_short	A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
title_full	A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
title_fullStr	A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
title_full_unstemmed	A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands
title_sort	new lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (vgv) discovered in the central zambezian miombo woodlands
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/bcb77ff1bd024b81bbe6dd0516cb5c36
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A New Lineage of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Cryptococcus gattii</named-content> (VGV) Discovered in the Central Zambezian Miombo Woodlands

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