Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)

Abstract Background Inhibitory control and attention processing atypicalities are implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These cognitive functions can be tested by using visually guided saccade-based paradigms in children, adolescents and adults to determine the t...

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Autores principales:	Anouck Amestoy, Etienne Guillaud, Giulia Bucchioni, Tiziana Zalla, Daniel Umbricht, Christopher Chatham, Lorraine Murtagh, Josselin Houenou, Richard Delorme, Miriam Ly-Le Moal, Marion Leboyer, Manuel Bouvard, Jean-René Cazalets
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Oculomotor behavior Eye-tracking Gap–Overlap–Step tasks Antisaccade task Inhibitory control Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bcb878dd6d0f45e0b3b55cbd0a0166d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bcb878dd6d0f45e0b3b55cbd0a0166d82021-11-14T12:27:18ZVisual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)10.1186/s13229-021-00474-22040-2392https://doaj.org/article/bcb878dd6d0f45e0b3b55cbd0a0166d82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00474-2https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2392Abstract Background Inhibitory control and attention processing atypicalities are implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These cognitive functions can be tested by using visually guided saccade-based paradigms in children, adolescents and adults to determine the time course of such disorders. Methods In this study, using Gap, Step, Overlap and Antisaccade tasks, we analyzed the oculomotor behavior of 82 children, teenagers and adults with high functioning ASD and their peer typically developing (TD) controls in a two-year follow-up study under the auspices of the InFoR-Autism project. Analysis of correlations between oculomotors task measurements and diagnostic assessment of attentional (ADHD-RS and ADHD comorbidity indices) and executive functioning (BRIEF scales) were conducted in order to evaluate their relationship with the oculomotor performance of participants with ASD. Results As indicated by the presence of a Gap and Overlap effects in all age groups, the oculomotor performances of ASD participants showed a preserved capability in overt attention switching. In contrast, the difference in performances of ASD participants in the Antisaccade task, compared to their TD peers, indicated an atypical development of inhibition and executive functions. From correlation analysis between our oculomotor data and ADHD comorbidity index, and scores of attention and executive function difficulties, our findings support the hypothesis that a specific dysfunction of inhibition skills occurs in ASD participants that is independent of the presence of ADHD comorbidity. Limitations These include the relatively small sample size of the ASD group over the study’s two-year period, the absence of an ADHD-only control group and the evaluation of a TD control group solely at the study’s inception. Conclusions Children and teenagers with ASD have greater difficulty in attention switching and inhibiting prepotent stimuli. Adults with ASD can overcome these difficulties, but, similar to teenagers and children with ASD, they make more erroneous and anticipatory saccades and display a greater trial-to-trial variability in all oculomotor tasks compared to their peers. Our results are indicative of a developmental delay in the maturation of executive and attentional functioning in ASD and of a specific impairment in inhibitory control.Anouck AmestoyEtienne GuillaudGiulia BucchioniTiziana ZallaDaniel UmbrichtChristopher ChathamLorraine MurtaghJosselin HouenouRichard DelormeMiriam Ly-Le MoalMarion LeboyerManuel BouvardJean-René CazaletsBMCarticleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD)Oculomotor behaviorEye-trackingGap–Overlap–Step tasksAntisaccade taskInhibitory controlNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENMolecular Autism, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Oculomotor behavior Eye-tracking Gap–Overlap–Step tasks Antisaccade task Inhibitory control Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Oculomotor behavior Eye-tracking Gap–Overlap–Step tasks Antisaccade task Inhibitory control Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Anouck Amestoy Etienne Guillaud Giulia Bucchioni Tiziana Zalla Daniel Umbricht Christopher Chatham Lorraine Murtagh Josselin Houenou Richard Delorme Miriam Ly-Le Moal Marion Leboyer Manuel Bouvard Jean-René Cazalets Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
description	Abstract Background Inhibitory control and attention processing atypicalities are implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These cognitive functions can be tested by using visually guided saccade-based paradigms in children, adolescents and adults to determine the time course of such disorders. Methods In this study, using Gap, Step, Overlap and Antisaccade tasks, we analyzed the oculomotor behavior of 82 children, teenagers and adults with high functioning ASD and their peer typically developing (TD) controls in a two-year follow-up study under the auspices of the InFoR-Autism project. Analysis of correlations between oculomotors task measurements and diagnostic assessment of attentional (ADHD-RS and ADHD comorbidity indices) and executive functioning (BRIEF scales) were conducted in order to evaluate their relationship with the oculomotor performance of participants with ASD. Results As indicated by the presence of a Gap and Overlap effects in all age groups, the oculomotor performances of ASD participants showed a preserved capability in overt attention switching. In contrast, the difference in performances of ASD participants in the Antisaccade task, compared to their TD peers, indicated an atypical development of inhibition and executive functions. From correlation analysis between our oculomotor data and ADHD comorbidity index, and scores of attention and executive function difficulties, our findings support the hypothesis that a specific dysfunction of inhibition skills occurs in ASD participants that is independent of the presence of ADHD comorbidity. Limitations These include the relatively small sample size of the ASD group over the study’s two-year period, the absence of an ADHD-only control group and the evaluation of a TD control group solely at the study’s inception. Conclusions Children and teenagers with ASD have greater difficulty in attention switching and inhibiting prepotent stimuli. Adults with ASD can overcome these difficulties, but, similar to teenagers and children with ASD, they make more erroneous and anticipatory saccades and display a greater trial-to-trial variability in all oculomotor tasks compared to their peers. Our results are indicative of a developmental delay in the maturation of executive and attentional functioning in ASD and of a specific impairment in inhibitory control.
format	article
author	Anouck Amestoy Etienne Guillaud Giulia Bucchioni Tiziana Zalla Daniel Umbricht Christopher Chatham Lorraine Murtagh Josselin Houenou Richard Delorme Miriam Ly-Le Moal Marion Leboyer Manuel Bouvard Jean-René Cazalets
author_facet	Anouck Amestoy Etienne Guillaud Giulia Bucchioni Tiziana Zalla Daniel Umbricht Christopher Chatham Lorraine Murtagh Josselin Houenou Richard Delorme Miriam Ly-Le Moal Marion Leboyer Manuel Bouvard Jean-René Cazalets
author_sort	Anouck Amestoy
title	Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
title_short	Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
title_full	Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
title_fullStr	Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
title_full_unstemmed	Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)
title_sort	visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (infor)
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bcb878dd6d0f45e0b3b55cbd0a0166d8
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Visual attention and inhibitory control in children, teenagers and adults with autism without intellectual disability: results of oculomotor tasks from a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study (InFoR)

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