How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of n...

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Autores principales:	Alexandre Berger, Simone Vespa, Laurence Dricot, Manon Dumoulin, Evelina Iachim, Pascal Doguet, Gilles Vandewalle, Riëm El Tahry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	VNS epilepsy norepinephrine locus coeruleus vagus nerve biomarker Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bccc6d6aa9184e81b99490a62fd8b59f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bccc6d6aa9184e81b99490a62fd8b59f2021-12-02T14:21:07ZHow Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.790943https://doaj.org/article/bccc6d6aa9184e81b99490a62fd8b59f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.790943/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XVagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of neurotransmitters that have seizure-suppressing effects. In particular, norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that has been associated with the clinical effects of VNS by preventing seizure development and by inducing long-term plastic changes that could restore a normal function of the brain circuitry. However, the biological requisites to become responder to VNS are still unknown. In this review, we report evidence of the critical involvement of NE in the antiepileptic effects of VNS in rodents and humans. Moreover, we emphasize the hypothesis that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic system could be a determining factor to obtain clinical benefits from the therapy. Finally, encouraging avenues of research involving NE in VNS treatment are discussed. These could lead to the personalization of the stimulation parameters to maximize the antiepileptic effects and potentially improve the response rate to the therapy.Alexandre BergerAlexandre BergerAlexandre BergerSimone VespaLaurence DricotManon DumoulinEvelina IachimEvelina IachimPascal DoguetGilles VandewalleRiëm El TahryRiëm El TahryFrontiers Media S.A.articleVNSepilepsynorepinephrinelocus coeruleusvagus nervebiomarkerNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	VNS epilepsy norepinephrine locus coeruleus vagus nerve biomarker Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	VNS epilepsy norepinephrine locus coeruleus vagus nerve biomarker Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Simone Vespa Laurence Dricot Manon Dumoulin Evelina Iachim Evelina Iachim Pascal Doguet Gilles Vandewalle Riëm El Tahry Riëm El Tahry How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
description	Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of neurotransmitters that have seizure-suppressing effects. In particular, norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that has been associated with the clinical effects of VNS by preventing seizure development and by inducing long-term plastic changes that could restore a normal function of the brain circuitry. However, the biological requisites to become responder to VNS are still unknown. In this review, we report evidence of the critical involvement of NE in the antiepileptic effects of VNS in rodents and humans. Moreover, we emphasize the hypothesis that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic system could be a determining factor to obtain clinical benefits from the therapy. Finally, encouraging avenues of research involving NE in VNS treatment are discussed. These could lead to the personalization of the stimulation parameters to maximize the antiepileptic effects and potentially improve the response rate to the therapy.
format	article
author	Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Simone Vespa Laurence Dricot Manon Dumoulin Evelina Iachim Evelina Iachim Pascal Doguet Gilles Vandewalle Riëm El Tahry Riëm El Tahry
author_facet	Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Alexandre Berger Simone Vespa Laurence Dricot Manon Dumoulin Evelina Iachim Evelina Iachim Pascal Doguet Gilles Vandewalle Riëm El Tahry Riëm El Tahry
author_sort	Alexandre Berger
title	How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
title_short	How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
title_full	How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
title_fullStr	How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
title_full_unstemmed	How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
title_sort	how is the norepinephrine system involved in the antiepileptic effects of vagus nerve stimulation?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bccc6d6aa9184e81b99490a62fd8b59f
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How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?

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