A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias

ABSTRACT The bacterial flagellum is driven by a bidirectional rotary motor, which propels bacteria to swim through liquids or swarm over surfaces. While the functions of the major structural and regulatory components of the flagellum are known, the function of the well-conserved FliL protein is not....

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Autores principales:	Jonathan D. Partridge, Vincent Nieto, Rasika M. Harshey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bccd694906f644259ba64b31c37304d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bccd694906f644259ba64b31c37304d32021-11-15T15:41:33ZA New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias10.1128/mBio.02367-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/bccd694906f644259ba64b31c37304d32015-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02367-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The bacterial flagellum is driven by a bidirectional rotary motor, which propels bacteria to swim through liquids or swarm over surfaces. While the functions of the major structural and regulatory components of the flagellum are known, the function of the well-conserved FliL protein is not. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli, the absence of FliL leads to a small defect in swimming but complete elimination of swarming. Here, we tracked single motors of these bacteria and found that absence of FliL decreases their speed as well as switching frequency. We demonstrate that FliL interacts strongly with itself, with the MS ring protein FliF, and with the stator proteins MotA and MotB and weakly with the rotor switch protein FliG. These and other experiments show that FliL increases motor output either by recruiting or stabilizing the stators or by increasing their efficiency and contributes additionally to torque generation at higher motor loads. The increased torque enabled by FliL explains why this protein is essential for swarming on an agar surface expected to offer increased resistance to bacterial movement. IMPORTANCE FliL is a well-conserved bacterial flagellar protein whose absence leads to a variety of motility defects, ranging from moderate to complete inhibition of swimming in some bacterial species, inhibition of swarming in others, structural defects that break the flagellar rod during swarming in E. coli and Salmonella, and failure to eject the flagellar filament during the developmental transition of a swimmer to a stalk cell in Caulobacter crescentus. Despite these many phenotypes, a specific function for FliL has remained elusive. Here, we established a central role for FliL at the Salmonella and E. coli motors, where it interacts with both rotor and stator proteins, increases motor output, and contributes to the normal rotational bias of the motor.Jonathan D. PartridgeVincent NietoRasika M. HarsheyAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 2 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Jonathan D. Partridge Vincent Nieto Rasika M. Harshey A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
description	ABSTRACT The bacterial flagellum is driven by a bidirectional rotary motor, which propels bacteria to swim through liquids or swarm over surfaces. While the functions of the major structural and regulatory components of the flagellum are known, the function of the well-conserved FliL protein is not. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli, the absence of FliL leads to a small defect in swimming but complete elimination of swarming. Here, we tracked single motors of these bacteria and found that absence of FliL decreases their speed as well as switching frequency. We demonstrate that FliL interacts strongly with itself, with the MS ring protein FliF, and with the stator proteins MotA and MotB and weakly with the rotor switch protein FliG. These and other experiments show that FliL increases motor output either by recruiting or stabilizing the stators or by increasing their efficiency and contributes additionally to torque generation at higher motor loads. The increased torque enabled by FliL explains why this protein is essential for swarming on an agar surface expected to offer increased resistance to bacterial movement. IMPORTANCE FliL is a well-conserved bacterial flagellar protein whose absence leads to a variety of motility defects, ranging from moderate to complete inhibition of swimming in some bacterial species, inhibition of swarming in others, structural defects that break the flagellar rod during swarming in E. coli and Salmonella, and failure to eject the flagellar filament during the developmental transition of a swimmer to a stalk cell in Caulobacter crescentus. Despite these many phenotypes, a specific function for FliL has remained elusive. Here, we established a central role for FliL at the Salmonella and E. coli motors, where it interacts with both rotor and stator proteins, increases motor output, and contributes to the normal rotational bias of the motor.
format	article
author	Jonathan D. Partridge Vincent Nieto Rasika M. Harshey
author_facet	Jonathan D. Partridge Vincent Nieto Rasika M. Harshey
author_sort	Jonathan D. Partridge
title	A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
title_short	A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
title_full	A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
title_fullStr	A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
title_full_unstemmed	A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias
title_sort	new player at the flagellar motor: flil controls both motor output and bias
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/bccd694906f644259ba64b31c37304d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT jonathandpartridge anewplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias AT vincentnieto anewplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias AT rasikamharshey anewplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias AT jonathandpartridge newplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias AT vincentnieto newplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias AT rasikamharshey newplayerattheflagellarmotorflilcontrolsbothmotoroutputandbias
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A New Player at the Flagellar Motor: FliL Controls both Motor Output and Bias

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