The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review

Background: Guyana experiences health challenges related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease in Guyana. The main causes of the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases are modifiable risk factors (e.g....

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Autores principales:	Loshana Sockalingam, Dipika Desai, Arthur Wong, Gangji Azim, Budhendranauth Doobay, Zahira Khalid, Sonia S. Anand
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2021
Materias:	epidemiology, non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease, risk factors, public health, guyana Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bcf1cf08360046f2914ce217e986752e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bcf1cf08360046f2914ce217e986752e2021-12-02T14:57:11ZThe Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review2214-999610.5334/aogh.3060https://doaj.org/article/bcf1cf08360046f2914ce217e986752e2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/3060https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Guyana experiences health challenges related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease in Guyana. The main causes of the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases are modifiable risk factors (e.g. obesity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, unhealthy dietary patterns) and non-modifiable risk factors (e.g. age and genetics). Objective: The aim of this review is to understand CVD and risk factor data, in the context of ethnicity in Guyana. Methods: A review of the published literature as well as government and international health agency reports was conducted. All publications from 2002–2018 describing CVD and related risk factors in Guyana were screened and extracted. Findings: The population of Guyana is comprised of six ethnic groups, of which East Indian (39.8%) and African (29.3%) are the majority. CVD accounts for 526 deaths per 100,000 individuals per year. Among Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese, CVD is the primary cause of death affecting 32.6% and 22.7% of the populations, respectively. Within the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese communities there is a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among individuals over the age of 50. There is a lack of available data describing ethnic disparities in CVD and related risk factors such as obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet in Guyana. Conclusions: Important knowledge gaps remain in understanding the ethnic disparities of CVD and related risk factors in Guyana. Future research should focus on high risk populations and implement widespread screening and treatment strategies of common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol to curb the epidemic of CVD in Guyana.Loshana SockalingamDipika DesaiArthur WongGangji AzimBudhendranauth DoobayZahira KhalidSonia S. AnandUbiquity Pressarticleepidemiology, non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease, risk factors, public health, guyanaInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 87, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	epidemiology, non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease, risk factors, public health, guyana Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	epidemiology, non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease, risk factors, public health, guyana Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Loshana Sockalingam Dipika Desai Arthur Wong Gangji Azim Budhendranauth Doobay Zahira Khalid Sonia S. Anand The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
description	Background: Guyana experiences health challenges related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease in Guyana. The main causes of the increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases are modifiable risk factors (e.g. obesity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, unhealthy dietary patterns) and non-modifiable risk factors (e.g. age and genetics). Objective: The aim of this review is to understand CVD and risk factor data, in the context of ethnicity in Guyana. Methods: A review of the published literature as well as government and international health agency reports was conducted. All publications from 2002–2018 describing CVD and related risk factors in Guyana were screened and extracted. Findings: The population of Guyana is comprised of six ethnic groups, of which East Indian (39.8%) and African (29.3%) are the majority. CVD accounts for 526 deaths per 100,000 individuals per year. Among Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese, CVD is the primary cause of death affecting 32.6% and 22.7% of the populations, respectively. Within the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese communities there is a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among individuals over the age of 50. There is a lack of available data describing ethnic disparities in CVD and related risk factors such as obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet in Guyana. Conclusions: Important knowledge gaps remain in understanding the ethnic disparities of CVD and related risk factors in Guyana. Future research should focus on high risk populations and implement widespread screening and treatment strategies of common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol to curb the epidemic of CVD in Guyana.
format	article
author	Loshana Sockalingam Dipika Desai Arthur Wong Gangji Azim Budhendranauth Doobay Zahira Khalid Sonia S. Anand
author_facet	Loshana Sockalingam Dipika Desai Arthur Wong Gangji Azim Budhendranauth Doobay Zahira Khalid Sonia S. Anand
author_sort	Loshana Sockalingam
title	The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
title_short	The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
title_full	The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr	The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed	The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review
title_sort	rise in cardiovascular risk factors and chronic diseases in guyana: a narrative review
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bcf1cf08360046f2914ce217e986752e
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The Rise in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases in Guyana: A Narrative Review

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