Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions

Changes in stomatal conductance and density allow plants to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. In the present paper, the influence of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and light intensity on stomata were investigated for two barley genotypes—Barke and Bojos, differing...

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Autores principales:	Lena Hunt, Michal Fuksa, Karel Klem, Zuzana Lhotáková, Michal Oravec, Otmar Urban, Jana Albrechtová
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stomata stomatal density stomatal conductance stomatal regulation barley CO<sub>2</sub> Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd2a999d7a1b4f89b39a8ff449d8c4b2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd2a999d7a1b4f89b39a8ff449d8c4b22021-11-25T18:47:27ZBarley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions10.3390/plants101125332223-7747https://doaj.org/article/bd2a999d7a1b4f89b39a8ff449d8c4b22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2533https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Changes in stomatal conductance and density allow plants to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. In the present paper, the influence of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and light intensity on stomata were investigated for two barley genotypes—Barke and Bojos, differing in their sensitivity to oxidative stress and phenolic acid profiles. A novel approach for stomatal density analysis was used—a pair of convolution neural networks were developed to automatically identify and count stomata on epidermal micrographs. Stomatal density in barley was influenced by genotype, as well as by light and CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Low CO<sub>2</sub> conditions resulted in increased stomatal density, although differences between ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> were not significant. High light intensity increased stomatal density compared to low light intensity in both barley varieties and all CO<sub>2</sub> treatments. Changes in stomatal conductance were also measured alongside the accumulation of pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, and abscisic acid detected by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. High light increased the accumulation of all sugars and reduced abscisic acid levels. Abscisic acid was influenced by all factors—light, CO<sub>2</sub>, and genotype—in combination. Differences were discovered between the two barley varieties: oxidative stress sensitive Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity. Barke also showed greater variability between treatments in measurements of stomatal density, sugar accumulation, and abscisic levels, implying that it may be more responsive to environmental drivers influencing water relations in the plant.Lena HuntMichal FuksaKarel KlemZuzana LhotákováMichal OravecOtmar UrbanJana AlbrechtováMDPI AGarticlestomatastomatal densitystomatal conductancestomatal regulationbarleyCO<sub>2</sub>BotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2533, p 2533 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stomata stomatal density stomatal conductance stomatal regulation barley CO<sub>2</sub> Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	stomata stomatal density stomatal conductance stomatal regulation barley CO<sub>2</sub> Botany QK1-989 Lena Hunt Michal Fuksa Karel Klem Zuzana Lhotáková Michal Oravec Otmar Urban Jana Albrechtová Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
description	Changes in stomatal conductance and density allow plants to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. In the present paper, the influence of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and light intensity on stomata were investigated for two barley genotypes—Barke and Bojos, differing in their sensitivity to oxidative stress and phenolic acid profiles. A novel approach for stomatal density analysis was used—a pair of convolution neural networks were developed to automatically identify and count stomata on epidermal micrographs. Stomatal density in barley was influenced by genotype, as well as by light and CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Low CO<sub>2</sub> conditions resulted in increased stomatal density, although differences between ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> were not significant. High light intensity increased stomatal density compared to low light intensity in both barley varieties and all CO<sub>2</sub> treatments. Changes in stomatal conductance were also measured alongside the accumulation of pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, and abscisic acid detected by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. High light increased the accumulation of all sugars and reduced abscisic acid levels. Abscisic acid was influenced by all factors—light, CO<sub>2</sub>, and genotype—in combination. Differences were discovered between the two barley varieties: oxidative stress sensitive Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity. Barke also showed greater variability between treatments in measurements of stomatal density, sugar accumulation, and abscisic levels, implying that it may be more responsive to environmental drivers influencing water relations in the plant.
format	article
author	Lena Hunt Michal Fuksa Karel Klem Zuzana Lhotáková Michal Oravec Otmar Urban Jana Albrechtová
author_facet	Lena Hunt Michal Fuksa Karel Klem Zuzana Lhotáková Michal Oravec Otmar Urban Jana Albrechtová
author_sort	Lena Hunt
title	Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
title_short	Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
title_full	Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
title_fullStr	Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions
title_sort	barley genotypes vary in stomatal responsiveness to light and co<sub>2</sub> conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd2a999d7a1b4f89b39a8ff449d8c4b2
work_keys_str_mv	AT lenahunt barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT michalfuksa barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT karelklem barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT zuzanalhotakova barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT michaloravec barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT otmarurban barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions AT janaalbrechtova barleygenotypesvaryinstomatalresponsivenesstolightandcosub2subconditions
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Barley Genotypes Vary in Stomatal Responsiveness to Light and CO<sub>2</sub> Conditions

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