Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients...

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Autores principales:	Alba Rocco, Costantino Sgamato, Debora Compare, Pietro Coccoli, Olga Maria Nardone, Gerardo Nardone
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	hepatic encephalopathy gut microbes gut-liver-brain axis antibiotics probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f22021-12-01T07:35:38ZGut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.748253https://doaj.org/article/bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.748253/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients. It is commonly accepted that the gut milieu is essential for the development of HE; however, despite intensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of HE is still not fully elucidated. As our knowledge of gut microbiota moves from the pioneering era of culture-dependent studies, the connection between microbes, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HE is becoming increasingly clear, providing exciting therapeutic perspectives. This review will critically examine the latest research findings on the role of gut microbes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying HE. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options and novel treatment strategies are discussed.Alba RoccoCostantino SgamatoDebora ComparePietro CoccoliOlga Maria NardoneGerardo NardoneFrontiers Media S.A.articlehepatic encephalopathygut microbesgut-liver-brain axisantibioticsprobioticsfecal microbiota transplantationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hepatic encephalopathy gut microbes gut-liver-brain axis antibiotics probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	hepatic encephalopathy gut microbes gut-liver-brain axis antibiotics probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
description	Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients. It is commonly accepted that the gut milieu is essential for the development of HE; however, despite intensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of HE is still not fully elucidated. As our knowledge of gut microbiota moves from the pioneering era of culture-dependent studies, the connection between microbes, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HE is becoming increasingly clear, providing exciting therapeutic perspectives. This review will critically examine the latest research findings on the role of gut microbes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying HE. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options and novel treatment strategies are discussed.
format	article
author	Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone
author_facet	Alba Rocco Costantino Sgamato Debora Compare Pietro Coccoli Olga Maria Nardone Gerardo Nardone
author_sort	Alba Rocco
title	Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
title_short	Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
title_full	Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
title_fullStr	Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives
title_sort	gut microbes and hepatic encephalopathy: from the old concepts to new perspectives
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd45c8aa2b69461e820a009bc2df27f2
work_keys_str_mv	AT albarocco gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives AT costantinosgamato gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives AT deboracompare gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives AT pietrococcoli gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives AT olgamarianardone gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives AT gerardonardone gutmicrobesandhepaticencephalopathyfromtheoldconceptstonewperspectives
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Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives

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