Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.

<h4>Background</h4>Eliminating socioeconomic disparities in health is an overarching goal of the U.S. Healthy People decennial initiatives. We present recent trends in mortality by education among working-aged populations.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Age-standardized death ra...

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Autores principales:	Jiemin Ma, Jiaquan Xu, Robert N Anderson, Ahmedin Jemal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd5dfb50054447c794e74eb1f9b8389f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd5dfb50054447c794e74eb1f9b8389f2021-11-18T07:11:38ZWidening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0041560https://doaj.org/article/bd5dfb50054447c794e74eb1f9b8389f2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22911814/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Eliminating socioeconomic disparities in health is an overarching goal of the U.S. Healthy People decennial initiatives. We present recent trends in mortality by education among working-aged populations.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Age-standardized death rates and their average annual percent change for all-cause and five major causes (cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and accidents) were calculated from 1993 through 2007 for individuals aged 25-64 years by educational attainment as a marker of socioeconomic status, using national vital registration data for 26 states with consistent educational information on the death certificates. Rate ratios and rate differences were used to assess disparities (≤12 versus ≥16 years of education) for 1993 through 2007. From 1993 through 2007, relative educational disparities in all-cause mortality continued to increase among working-aged men and women in the U.S., due to larger decreases of mortality rates among the most educated coupled with smaller decreases or even worsening trends in the less educated. For example, the rate ratios of all-cause mortality increased from 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.4-2.6) in 1993 to 3.6 (95% CI, 3.5-3.7) in 2007 in men and from 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.0) to 3.0 (95% CI, 2.9-3.1) in women. Generally, the rate differences (per 100,000 persons) of all-cause mortality increased from 415.5 (95% CI, 399.1-431.9) in 1993 to 472.7 (95% CI, 460.2-485.2) in 2007 in men and from 165.4 (95% CI, 154.5-176.2) to 256.2 (95% CI, 248.3-264.2) in women. Disparity patterns varied largely across the five specific causes considered in this study, with the largest increases of relative disparities for accidents, especially in women.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Relative educational differentials in mortality continued to widen among men and women despite emphasis on reducing disparities in the U.S. Healthy People decennial initiatives.Jiemin MaJiaquan XuRobert N AndersonAhmedin JemalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e41560 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jiemin Ma Jiaquan Xu Robert N Anderson Ahmedin Jemal Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Eliminating socioeconomic disparities in health is an overarching goal of the U.S. Healthy People decennial initiatives. We present recent trends in mortality by education among working-aged populations.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Age-standardized death rates and their average annual percent change for all-cause and five major causes (cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and accidents) were calculated from 1993 through 2007 for individuals aged 25-64 years by educational attainment as a marker of socioeconomic status, using national vital registration data for 26 states with consistent educational information on the death certificates. Rate ratios and rate differences were used to assess disparities (≤12 versus ≥16 years of education) for 1993 through 2007. From 1993 through 2007, relative educational disparities in all-cause mortality continued to increase among working-aged men and women in the U.S., due to larger decreases of mortality rates among the most educated coupled with smaller decreases or even worsening trends in the less educated. For example, the rate ratios of all-cause mortality increased from 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.4-2.6) in 1993 to 3.6 (95% CI, 3.5-3.7) in 2007 in men and from 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.0) to 3.0 (95% CI, 2.9-3.1) in women. Generally, the rate differences (per 100,000 persons) of all-cause mortality increased from 415.5 (95% CI, 399.1-431.9) in 1993 to 472.7 (95% CI, 460.2-485.2) in 2007 in men and from 165.4 (95% CI, 154.5-176.2) to 256.2 (95% CI, 248.3-264.2) in women. Disparity patterns varied largely across the five specific causes considered in this study, with the largest increases of relative disparities for accidents, especially in women.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Relative educational differentials in mortality continued to widen among men and women despite emphasis on reducing disparities in the U.S. Healthy People decennial initiatives.
format	article
author	Jiemin Ma Jiaquan Xu Robert N Anderson Ahmedin Jemal
author_facet	Jiemin Ma Jiaquan Xu Robert N Anderson Ahmedin Jemal
author_sort	Jiemin Ma
title	Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
title_short	Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
title_full	Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
title_fullStr	Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
title_full_unstemmed	Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.
title_sort	widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the united states, 1993-2007.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd5dfb50054447c794e74eb1f9b8389f
work_keys_str_mv	AT jieminma wideningeducationaldisparitiesinprematuredeathratesintwentysixstatesintheunitedstates19932007 AT jiaquanxu wideningeducationaldisparitiesinprematuredeathratesintwentysixstatesintheunitedstates19932007 AT robertnanderson wideningeducationaldisparitiesinprematuredeathratesintwentysixstatesintheunitedstates19932007 AT ahmedinjemal wideningeducationaldisparitiesinprematuredeathratesintwentysixstatesintheunitedstates19932007
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Widening educational disparities in premature death rates in twenty six states in the United States, 1993-2007.

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