Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.

In order to guarantee the fulfillment of their complex lifecycle, adult filarial nematodes release millions of microfilariae (MF), which are taken up by mosquito vectors. The current strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem focuses upon interrupting this transmission thr...

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Autores principales:	Kathrin Arndts, Susanne Deininger, Sabine Specht, Ute Klarmann, Sabine Mand, Tomabu Adjobimey, Alexander Y Debrah, Linda Batsa, Alexander Kwarteng, Christian Epp, Mark Taylor, Ohene Adjei, Laura E Layland, Achim Hoerauf
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd684710a4f14f0faa8e711efd0984e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd684710a4f14f0faa8e711efd0984e62021-11-18T09:14:17ZElevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001611https://doaj.org/article/bd684710a4f14f0faa8e711efd0984e62012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22509424/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735In order to guarantee the fulfillment of their complex lifecycle, adult filarial nematodes release millions of microfilariae (MF), which are taken up by mosquito vectors. The current strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem focuses upon interrupting this transmission through annual mass drug administration (MDA). It remains unclear however, how many rounds of MDA are required to achieve low enough levels of MF to cease transmission. Interestingly, with the development of further diagnostic tools a relatively neglected cohort of asymptomatic (non-lymphedema) amicrofilaremic (latent) individuals has become apparent. Indeed, epidemiological studies have suggested that there are equal numbers of patent (MF(+)) and latent individuals. Since the latter represent a roadblock for transmission, we studied differences in immune responses of infected asymptomatic male individuals (n = 159) presenting either patent (n = 92 MF(+)) or latent (n = 67 MF(-)) manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti. These individuals were selected on the basis of MF, circulating filarial antigen in plasma and detectable worm nests. Immunological profiles of either Th1/Th17, Th2, regulatory or innate responses were determined after stimulation of freshly isolated PBMCs with either filarial-specific extract or bystander stimuli. In addition, levels of total and filarial-specific antibodies, both IgG subclasses and IgE, were ascertained from plasma. Results from these individuals were compared with those from 22 healthy volunteers from the same endemic area. Interestingly, we observed that in contrast to MF(+) patients, latent infected individuals had lower numbers of worm nests and increased adaptive immune responses including antigen-specific IL-5. These data highlight the immunosuppressive status of MF(+) individuals, regardless of age or clinical hydrocele and reveal immunological profiles associated with latency and immune-mediated suppression of parasite transmission.Kathrin ArndtsSusanne DeiningerSabine SpechtUte KlarmannSabine MandTomabu AdjobimeyAlexander Y DebrahLinda BatsaAlexander KwartengChristian EppMark TaylorOhene AdjeiLaura E LaylandAchim HoeraufPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e1611 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Kathrin Arndts Susanne Deininger Sabine Specht Ute Klarmann Sabine Mand Tomabu Adjobimey Alexander Y Debrah Linda Batsa Alexander Kwarteng Christian Epp Mark Taylor Ohene Adjei Laura E Layland Achim Hoerauf Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
description	In order to guarantee the fulfillment of their complex lifecycle, adult filarial nematodes release millions of microfilariae (MF), which are taken up by mosquito vectors. The current strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem focuses upon interrupting this transmission through annual mass drug administration (MDA). It remains unclear however, how many rounds of MDA are required to achieve low enough levels of MF to cease transmission. Interestingly, with the development of further diagnostic tools a relatively neglected cohort of asymptomatic (non-lymphedema) amicrofilaremic (latent) individuals has become apparent. Indeed, epidemiological studies have suggested that there are equal numbers of patent (MF(+)) and latent individuals. Since the latter represent a roadblock for transmission, we studied differences in immune responses of infected asymptomatic male individuals (n = 159) presenting either patent (n = 92 MF(+)) or latent (n = 67 MF(-)) manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti. These individuals were selected on the basis of MF, circulating filarial antigen in plasma and detectable worm nests. Immunological profiles of either Th1/Th17, Th2, regulatory or innate responses were determined after stimulation of freshly isolated PBMCs with either filarial-specific extract or bystander stimuli. In addition, levels of total and filarial-specific antibodies, both IgG subclasses and IgE, were ascertained from plasma. Results from these individuals were compared with those from 22 healthy volunteers from the same endemic area. Interestingly, we observed that in contrast to MF(+) patients, latent infected individuals had lower numbers of worm nests and increased adaptive immune responses including antigen-specific IL-5. These data highlight the immunosuppressive status of MF(+) individuals, regardless of age or clinical hydrocele and reveal immunological profiles associated with latency and immune-mediated suppression of parasite transmission.
format	article
author	Kathrin Arndts Susanne Deininger Sabine Specht Ute Klarmann Sabine Mand Tomabu Adjobimey Alexander Y Debrah Linda Batsa Alexander Kwarteng Christian Epp Mark Taylor Ohene Adjei Laura E Layland Achim Hoerauf
author_facet	Kathrin Arndts Susanne Deininger Sabine Specht Ute Klarmann Sabine Mand Tomabu Adjobimey Alexander Y Debrah Linda Batsa Alexander Kwarteng Christian Epp Mark Taylor Ohene Adjei Laura E Layland Achim Hoerauf
author_sort	Kathrin Arndts
title	Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
title_short	Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
title_full	Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
title_fullStr	Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
title_full_unstemmed	Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.
title_sort	elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of wuchereria bancrofti.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd684710a4f14f0faa8e711efd0984e6
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Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.

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