Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island

Long-term observation of penguin abundance and distribution may warn of changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and provide support for penguin conservation. We conducted an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey of the Adélie penguin (<i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i>) colony on Inexpressible I...

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Autores principales:	Xintong Chen, Jiquan Chen, Xiao Cheng, Lizhong Zhu, Bing Li, Xianglan Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	UAV survey penguin abundance colony spatial extent shoreline elevation Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd7228acbc604f7894ac9a19f4d2afea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd7228acbc604f7894ac9a19f4d2afea2021-11-25T18:55:42ZRetreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island10.3390/rs132247182072-4292https://doaj.org/article/bd7228acbc604f7894ac9a19f4d2afea2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4718https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Long-term observation of penguin abundance and distribution may warn of changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and provide support for penguin conservation. We conducted an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey of the Adélie penguin (<i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i>) colony on Inexpressible Island and obtained aerial images with a resolution of 0.07 m in 2018. We estimated penguin abundance and identified the spatial extent of the penguin colony. A total of 24,497 breeding pairs were found on Inexpressible Island within a colony area of 57,507 m<sup>2</sup>. Based on historical images, the colony area expanded by 30,613 m<sup>2</sup> and abundance increased by 4063 pairs between 1983 and 2012. Between 2012 and 2018 penguin abundance further increased by 3314 pairs, although the colony area decreased by 1903 m<sup>2</sup>. In general, Adélie penguins bred on Inexpressible Island at an elevation <20 m, and >55% of penguins had territories within 150 m of the shoreline. This suggests that penguins prefer to breed in areas with a low elevation and close to the shoreline. We observed a retreat of the shoreline on Inexpressible Island between 1983 and 2018, especially along the northern coast, which may have played a key role in the expansion of the penguin colony on the northern coast. In sum, it appears that retreating shorelines reshaped penguin distribution on the island and may be an emerging risk factor for penguins. These results highlight the importance of remote sensing techniques for monitoring changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and providing reliable data for Antarctic penguin conservation.Xintong ChenJiquan ChenXiao ChengLizhong ZhuBing LiXianglan LiMDPI AGarticleUAV surveypenguin abundancecolony spatial extentshorelineelevationScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4718, p 4718 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	UAV survey penguin abundance colony spatial extent shoreline elevation Science Q
spellingShingle	UAV survey penguin abundance colony spatial extent shoreline elevation Science Q Xintong Chen Jiquan Chen Xiao Cheng Lizhong Zhu Bing Li Xianglan Li Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
description	Long-term observation of penguin abundance and distribution may warn of changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and provide support for penguin conservation. We conducted an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey of the Adélie penguin (<i>Pygoscelis adeliae</i>) colony on Inexpressible Island and obtained aerial images with a resolution of 0.07 m in 2018. We estimated penguin abundance and identified the spatial extent of the penguin colony. A total of 24,497 breeding pairs were found on Inexpressible Island within a colony area of 57,507 m<sup>2</sup>. Based on historical images, the colony area expanded by 30,613 m<sup>2</sup> and abundance increased by 4063 pairs between 1983 and 2012. Between 2012 and 2018 penguin abundance further increased by 3314 pairs, although the colony area decreased by 1903 m<sup>2</sup>. In general, Adélie penguins bred on Inexpressible Island at an elevation <20 m, and >55% of penguins had territories within 150 m of the shoreline. This suggests that penguins prefer to breed in areas with a low elevation and close to the shoreline. We observed a retreat of the shoreline on Inexpressible Island between 1983 and 2018, especially along the northern coast, which may have played a key role in the expansion of the penguin colony on the northern coast. In sum, it appears that retreating shorelines reshaped penguin distribution on the island and may be an emerging risk factor for penguins. These results highlight the importance of remote sensing techniques for monitoring changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and providing reliable data for Antarctic penguin conservation.
format	article
author	Xintong Chen Jiquan Chen Xiao Cheng Lizhong Zhu Bing Li Xianglan Li
author_facet	Xintong Chen Jiquan Chen Xiao Cheng Lizhong Zhu Bing Li Xianglan Li
author_sort	Xintong Chen
title	Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
title_short	Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
title_full	Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
title_fullStr	Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
title_full_unstemmed	Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island
title_sort	retreating shorelines as an emerging threat to adélie penguins on inexpressible island
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd7228acbc604f7894ac9a19f4d2afea
work_keys_str_mv	AT xintongchen retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland AT jiquanchen retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland AT xiaocheng retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland AT lizhongzhu retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland AT bingli retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland AT xianglanli retreatingshorelinesasanemergingthreattoadeliepenguinsoninexpressibleisland
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Retreating Shorelines as an Emerging Threat to Adélie Penguins on Inexpressible Island

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