Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing

Abstract Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy,...

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Autores principales:	Petra Dariz, Thomas Schmid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd956761e9b940fb96f08277bf24f883
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd956761e9b940fb96f08277bf24f8832021-12-02T15:49:39ZTrace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing10.1038/s41598-021-90759-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bd956761e9b940fb96f08277bf24f8832021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.Petra DarizThomas SchmidNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Petra Dariz Thomas Schmid Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
description	Abstract Only a few scientific evidences for the use of Egyptian blue in Early Medieval wall paintings in Central and Southern Europe have been reported so far. The monochrome blue fragment discussed here belongs to the second church building of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy, fifth/sixth century A.D.). Beyond cuprorivaite and carbon black (underpainting), 26 accessory minerals down to trace levels were detected by means of Raman microspectroscopy, providing unprecedented insights into the raw materials blend and conversion reactions during preparation, application, and ageing of the pigment. In conjunction with archaeological evidences for the manufacture of Egyptian blue in Cumae and Liternum and the concordant statements of the antique Roman writers Vitruvius and Pliny the Elder, natural impurities of the quartz sand speak for a pigment produced at the northern Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Southern Italy). Chalcocite (and chalcopyrite) suggest the use of a sulphidic copper ore, and water-insoluble salts a mixed-alkaline flux in the form of plant ash. Not fully reacted quartz crystals partly intergrown with cuprorivaite and only minimal traces of silicate glass portend solid-state reactions predominating the chemical reactions during synthesis, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.
format	article
author	Petra Dariz Thomas Schmid
author_facet	Petra Dariz Thomas Schmid
author_sort	Petra Dariz
title	Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
title_short	Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
title_full	Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
title_fullStr	Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
title_full_unstemmed	Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
title_sort	trace compounds in early medieval egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd956761e9b940fb96f08277bf24f883
work_keys_str_mv	AT petradariz tracecompoundsinearlymedievalegyptianbluecarryinformationonprovenancemanufactureapplicationandageing AT thomasschmid tracecompoundsinearlymedievalegyptianbluecarryinformationonprovenancemanufactureapplicationandageing
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Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing

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