Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020

During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Her...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Hannah M. Cranford, A. Springer Browne, Karen LeCount, Tammy Anderson, Camila Hamond, Linda Schlater, Tod Stuber, Valicia J. Burke-France, Marissa Taylor, Cosme J. Harrison, Katia Y. Matias, Alexandra Medley, John Rossow, Nicholas Wiese, Leanne Jankelunas, Leah de Wilde, Michelle Mehalick, Gerard L. Blanchard, Keith R. Garcia, Alan S. McKinley, Claudia D. Lombard, Nicole F. Angeli, David Horner, Thomas Kelley, David J. Worthington, Jennifer Valiulis, Bethany Bradford, Are Berentsen, Johanna S. Salzer, Renee Galloway, Ilana J. Schafer, Kristine Bisgard, Joseph Roth, Brett R. Ellis, Esther M. Ellis, Jarlath E. Nally
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bd98f0b413094650ba18249b336910fd
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:bd98f0b413094650ba18249b336910fd
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hannah M. Cranford A. Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J. Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J. Harrison Katia Y. Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L. Blanchard Keith R. Garcia Alan S. McKinley Claudia D. Lombard Nicole F. Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J. Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S. Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J. Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R. Ellis Esther M. Ellis Jarlath E. Nally Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
description	During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Author summary Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. To better understand local reservoirs and risk factors to humans and animals, during 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) investigated Leptospira spp. in association with the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus) across the three main islands of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) (St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John). Mongoose blood and kidney samples were evaluated by laboratory testing: microscopic agglutination test, fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and culture. Of 256 mongooses, 34% were exposed to Leptospira spp. To assess active infection in mongooses, kidney samples were examined resulting 5.8% (16/270) FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) rt-PCR-positive. Validity was compared between test types showing higher positive predictive value for FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful culture, the reference standard for diagnosis. Through the detection and isolation of Leptospira spp. in mongooses across the USVI, we identified mongooses as potential disease vectors to the local population and added to the limited data for the Caribbean region. Furthermore, a validity assessment of reference testing provides data to potentially inform future leptospirosis diagnostics.
format	article
author	Hannah M. Cranford A. Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J. Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J. Harrison Katia Y. Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L. Blanchard Keith R. Garcia Alan S. McKinley Claudia D. Lombard Nicole F. Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J. Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S. Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J. Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R. Ellis Esther M. Ellis Jarlath E. Nally
author_facet	Hannah M. Cranford A. Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J. Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J. Harrison Katia Y. Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L. Blanchard Keith R. Garcia Alan S. McKinley Claudia D. Lombard Nicole F. Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J. Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S. Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J. Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R. Ellis Esther M. Ellis Jarlath E. Nally
author_sort	Hannah M. Cranford
title	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_short	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_full	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_fullStr	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_full_unstemmed	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_sort	mongooses (urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of leptospira species in the united states virgin islands, 2019–2020
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bd98f0b413094650ba18249b336910fd
work_keys_str_mv	AT hannahmcranford mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT aspringerbrowne mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT karenlecount mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT tammyanderson mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT camilahamond mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT lindaschlater mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT todstuber mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT valiciajburkefrance mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT marissataylor mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT cosmejharrison mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT katiaymatias mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT alexandramedley mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT johnrossow mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT nicholaswiese mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT leannejankelunas mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT leahdewilde mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT michellemehalick mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT gerardlblanchard mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT keithrgarcia mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT alansmckinley mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT claudiadlombard mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT nicolefangeli mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT davidhorner mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT thomaskelley mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT davidjworthington mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT jennifervaliulis mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT bethanybradford mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT areberentsen mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT johannassalzer mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT reneegalloway mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT ilanajschafer mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT kristinebisgard mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT josephroth mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT brettrellis mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT esthermellis mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020 AT jarlathenally mongoosesurvaauropunctataasreservoirhostsofleptospiraspeciesintheunitedstatesvirginislands20192020
_version_	1718413707388649472
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bd98f0b413094650ba18249b336910fd2021-11-25T06:32:28ZMongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–20201935-27271935-2735https://doaj.org/article/bd98f0b413094650ba18249b336910fd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592401/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Author summary Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. To better understand local reservoirs and risk factors to humans and animals, during 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) investigated Leptospira spp. in association with the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus) across the three main islands of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) (St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John). Mongoose blood and kidney samples were evaluated by laboratory testing: microscopic agglutination test, fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and culture. Of 256 mongooses, 34% were exposed to Leptospira spp. To assess active infection in mongooses, kidney samples were examined resulting 5.8% (16/270) FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) rt-PCR-positive. Validity was compared between test types showing higher positive predictive value for FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful culture, the reference standard for diagnosis. Through the detection and isolation of Leptospira spp. in mongooses across the USVI, we identified mongooses as potential disease vectors to the local population and added to the limited data for the Caribbean region. Furthermore, a validity assessment of reference testing provides data to potentially inform future leptospirosis diagnostics.Hannah M. CranfordA. Springer BrowneKaren LeCountTammy AndersonCamila HamondLinda SchlaterTod StuberValicia J. Burke-FranceMarissa TaylorCosme J. HarrisonKatia Y. MatiasAlexandra MedleyJohn RossowNicholas WieseLeanne JankelunasLeah de WildeMichelle MehalickGerard L. BlanchardKeith R. GarciaAlan S. McKinleyClaudia D. LombardNicole F. AngeliDavid HornerThomas KelleyDavid J. WorthingtonJennifer ValiulisBethany BradfordAre BerentsenJohanna S. SalzerRenee GallowayIlana J. SchaferKristine BisgardJoseph RothBrett R. EllisEsther M. EllisJarlath E. NallyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 11 (2021)

Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020

Ejemplares similares