Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production

Background: Breastmilk is considered the gold standard of infant nutrition. Many mothers have difficulty with breastfeeding and over 50% of women stop due to perceived low production. Aims and methods: Our study compared gene expression in 8 samples of low and high producers of milk. All subjects we...

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Autores principales:	Stephanie Canale, Renuka Ramanathan, Matteo Pelligrini, Nicolas C. Rochette, Brian B. Nadel, Melissa Gee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Human milk mRNA Gene expression Milk production Bacteria in milk Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bdc815853c624fef9d808b9d97a121a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bdc815853c624fef9d808b9d97a121a72021-12-02T05:02:42ZAnalysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production2405-844010.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08335https://doaj.org/article/bdc815853c624fef9d808b9d97a121a72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021024385https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Background: Breastmilk is considered the gold standard of infant nutrition. Many mothers have difficulty with breastfeeding and over 50% of women stop due to perceived low production. Aims and methods: Our study compared gene expression in 8 samples of low and high producers of milk. All subjects were administered GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Low-producers were all found to have more depression and anxiety compared to high-producers. Results: We did not find significant differences between gene expression between low and high milk producers. Only 5 of 8 samples contained a significant number of human cells. We did find differences in the amount of various bacterial populations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that gene expression in breastmilk is complicated by collection methods. We recommend that even though some women produced less than 600 ml of milk over a 24-hour period of time, due to the nature of the bacteria found in milk they try to breastfeed as much as they can for the health benefits of their infants. the rich bacterial diversity in all patients including the low producers strongly suggests that even women producing lesser quantities of milk confer their children numerous benefits by breastfeeding them.Stephanie CanaleRenuka RamanathanMatteo PelligriniNicolas C. RochetteBrian B. NadelMelissa GeeElsevierarticleHuman milkmRNAGene expressionMilk productionBacteria in milkScience (General)Q1-390Social sciences (General)H1-99ENHeliyon, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp e08335- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Human milk mRNA Gene expression Milk production Bacteria in milk Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Human milk mRNA Gene expression Milk production Bacteria in milk Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Stephanie Canale Renuka Ramanathan Matteo Pelligrini Nicolas C. Rochette Brian B. Nadel Melissa Gee Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
description	Background: Breastmilk is considered the gold standard of infant nutrition. Many mothers have difficulty with breastfeeding and over 50% of women stop due to perceived low production. Aims and methods: Our study compared gene expression in 8 samples of low and high producers of milk. All subjects were administered GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Low-producers were all found to have more depression and anxiety compared to high-producers. Results: We did not find significant differences between gene expression between low and high milk producers. Only 5 of 8 samples contained a significant number of human cells. We did find differences in the amount of various bacterial populations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that gene expression in breastmilk is complicated by collection methods. We recommend that even though some women produced less than 600 ml of milk over a 24-hour period of time, due to the nature of the bacteria found in milk they try to breastfeed as much as they can for the health benefits of their infants. the rich bacterial diversity in all patients including the low producers strongly suggests that even women producing lesser quantities of milk confer their children numerous benefits by breastfeeding them.
format	article
author	Stephanie Canale Renuka Ramanathan Matteo Pelligrini Nicolas C. Rochette Brian B. Nadel Melissa Gee
author_facet	Stephanie Canale Renuka Ramanathan Matteo Pelligrini Nicolas C. Rochette Brian B. Nadel Melissa Gee
author_sort	Stephanie Canale
title	Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
title_short	Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
title_full	Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
title_fullStr	Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
title_sort	analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: a comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bdc815853c624fef9d808b9d97a121a7
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Analysis of gene expression from human breastmilk cells: A comparison between low and high producers, and the influence of anxiety and depression on milk production, gene expression and bacterial production

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