Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder

Maria Pia Giannoccaro,1,2 Rocco Liguori,1,2 Giuseppe Plazzi,1,3 Fabio Pizza1,2 1IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and...

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Autores principales:	Giannoccaro MP, Liguori R, Plazzi G, Pizza F
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	narcolepsy type 1 immunotherapy immunomodulation intravenous immunoglobulin steroid monoclonal antibodies Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bdde7840cb7641a09c00e9ab522232a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bdde7840cb7641a09c00e9ab522232a02021-12-02T15:36:38ZReviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/bdde7840cb7641a09c00e9ab522232a02021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/reviewing-the-clinical-implications-of-treating-narcolepsy-as-an-autoi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Maria Pia Giannoccaro,1,2 Rocco Liguori,1,2 Giuseppe Plazzi,1,3 Fabio Pizza1,2 1IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyCorrespondence: Giuseppe PlazziIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, via Altura 3, Bologna, 40139, ItalyTel +39 051 4966926Fax +39 051 4966176Email giuseppe.plazzi@unibo.itAbstract: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a lifelong sleep disorder, primarily characterized clinically by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy and pathologically by the loss of hypocretinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Despite being a rare disorder, the NT1-related burden for patients and society is relevant due to the early onset and chronic nature of this condition. Although the etiology of narcolepsy is still unknown, mounting evidence supports a central role of autoimmunity. To date, no cure is available for this disorder and current treatment is symptomatic. Based on the hypothesis of the autoimmune etiology of this disease, immunotherapy could possibly represent a valid therapeutic option. However, contrasting and limited results have been provided so far. This review discusses the evidence supporting the use of immunotherapy in narcolepsy, the outcomes obtained so far, current issues and future directions.Keywords: narcolepsy type 1, immunotherapy, immunomodulation, intravenous immunoglobulin, steroid, monoclonal antibodiesGiannoccaro MPLiguori RPlazzi GPizza FDove Medical Pressarticlenarcolepsy type 1immunotherapyimmunomodulationintravenous immunoglobulinsteroidmonoclonal antibodiesPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 13, Pp 557-577 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	narcolepsy type 1 immunotherapy immunomodulation intravenous immunoglobulin steroid monoclonal antibodies Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	narcolepsy type 1 immunotherapy immunomodulation intravenous immunoglobulin steroid monoclonal antibodies Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Giannoccaro MP Liguori R Plazzi G Pizza F Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
description	Maria Pia Giannoccaro,1,2 Rocco Liguori,1,2 Giuseppe Plazzi,1,3 Fabio Pizza1,2 1IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy; 2Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyCorrespondence: Giuseppe PlazziIRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, via Altura 3, Bologna, 40139, ItalyTel +39 051 4966926Fax +39 051 4966176Email giuseppe.plazzi@unibo.itAbstract: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a lifelong sleep disorder, primarily characterized clinically by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy and pathologically by the loss of hypocretinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Despite being a rare disorder, the NT1-related burden for patients and society is relevant due to the early onset and chronic nature of this condition. Although the etiology of narcolepsy is still unknown, mounting evidence supports a central role of autoimmunity. To date, no cure is available for this disorder and current treatment is symptomatic. Based on the hypothesis of the autoimmune etiology of this disease, immunotherapy could possibly represent a valid therapeutic option. However, contrasting and limited results have been provided so far. This review discusses the evidence supporting the use of immunotherapy in narcolepsy, the outcomes obtained so far, current issues and future directions.Keywords: narcolepsy type 1, immunotherapy, immunomodulation, intravenous immunoglobulin, steroid, monoclonal antibodies
format	article
author	Giannoccaro MP Liguori R Plazzi G Pizza F
author_facet	Giannoccaro MP Liguori R Plazzi G Pizza F
author_sort	Giannoccaro MP
title	Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
title_short	Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
title_full	Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
title_fullStr	Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
title_full_unstemmed	Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder
title_sort	reviewing the clinical implications of treating narcolepsy as an autoimmune disorder
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bdde7840cb7641a09c00e9ab522232a0
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Reviewing the Clinical Implications of Treating Narcolepsy as an Autoimmune Disorder

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