Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices

The effects and consequences of global warming on the productivity of the Patagonian forest are still unknown. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) promotes new knowledge of the most pristine and unknown sub-antarctic forests located in Chilean Patagonia. This work presents an initial approach...

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Autores principales:	Richard Taylor-Zavala, Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez, Merly de Armas-Ricard, Harold Sanhueza, Francisca Higueras-Fredes, Cristian Mattar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Chilean Patagonia <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> forest traits chlorophyll content UAV Aysén Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be08761465874d349700559a30a1dfb6
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:be08761465874d349700559a30a1dfb6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be08761465874d349700559a30a1dfb62021-11-11T18:50:46ZQuantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices10.3390/rs132142322072-4292https://doaj.org/article/be08761465874d349700559a30a1dfb62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4232https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The effects and consequences of global warming on the productivity of the Patagonian forest are still unknown. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) promotes new knowledge of the most pristine and unknown sub-antarctic forests located in Chilean Patagonia. This work presents an initial approach to spatialize biochemicals over the Patagonian forests using ultra-high spatial resolution imagery acquired from UAVs equipped with a multispectral (visible, near-infrared, and thermal) sensor. The images were obtained in multiple flights over the Cerro Castillo National Park (Aysén Region, Chile), and several Vegetation Indices (VIs) were estimated. Leaves of <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser (<i>Nothofagaceae</i>) individuals were extracted after the flights and were then used to determine the biochemicals traits of chlorophylls (Chl-a and Chl-b) and carotenoids pigments, as well as the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Their relationships with multiple VIs was analyzed in order to assess the spatiality of the biochemicals traits in the forest during it most productive phenological stage. Results showed high correlations for the biochemical traits pigments (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.75) with the indices DVI, MCARI, and MSAVI1 as the best performing indices, while further spectral availability is needed for significant correlations with biochemicals traits related to the antioxidant capacity. Spatialization of the biochemical traits within UAV imagery was also performed evaluating their representation in the forest. This work allowed us to identify the different spectral behavior of the <i>N. pumilio</i> species, its relation to biochemical traits, and their spatialization, thus presenting the first step to developing a monitoring protocol for the evaluation of the Patagonian forests under the current global warming scenarios in the region.Richard Taylor-ZavalaOney Ramírez-RodríguezMerly de Armas-RicardHarold SanhuezaFrancisca Higueras-FredesCristian MattarMDPI AGarticleChilean Patagonia<i>Nothofagus pumilio</i>forest traitschlorophyll contentUAVAysénScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4232, p 4232 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chilean Patagonia <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> forest traits chlorophyll content UAV Aysén Science Q
spellingShingle	Chilean Patagonia <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> forest traits chlorophyll content UAV Aysén Science Q Richard Taylor-Zavala Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez Merly de Armas-Ricard Harold Sanhueza Francisca Higueras-Fredes Cristian Mattar Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
description	The effects and consequences of global warming on the productivity of the Patagonian forest are still unknown. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) promotes new knowledge of the most pristine and unknown sub-antarctic forests located in Chilean Patagonia. This work presents an initial approach to spatialize biochemicals over the Patagonian forests using ultra-high spatial resolution imagery acquired from UAVs equipped with a multispectral (visible, near-infrared, and thermal) sensor. The images were obtained in multiple flights over the Cerro Castillo National Park (Aysén Region, Chile), and several Vegetation Indices (VIs) were estimated. Leaves of <i>Nothofagus pumilio</i> (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser (<i>Nothofagaceae</i>) individuals were extracted after the flights and were then used to determine the biochemicals traits of chlorophylls (Chl-a and Chl-b) and carotenoids pigments, as well as the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Their relationships with multiple VIs was analyzed in order to assess the spatiality of the biochemicals traits in the forest during it most productive phenological stage. Results showed high correlations for the biochemical traits pigments (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.75) with the indices DVI, MCARI, and MSAVI1 as the best performing indices, while further spectral availability is needed for significant correlations with biochemicals traits related to the antioxidant capacity. Spatialization of the biochemical traits within UAV imagery was also performed evaluating their representation in the forest. This work allowed us to identify the different spectral behavior of the <i>N. pumilio</i> species, its relation to biochemical traits, and their spatialization, thus presenting the first step to developing a monitoring protocol for the evaluation of the Patagonian forests under the current global warming scenarios in the region.
format	article
author	Richard Taylor-Zavala Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez Merly de Armas-Ricard Harold Sanhueza Francisca Higueras-Fredes Cristian Mattar
author_facet	Richard Taylor-Zavala Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez Merly de Armas-Ricard Harold Sanhueza Francisca Higueras-Fredes Cristian Mattar
author_sort	Richard Taylor-Zavala
title	Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
title_short	Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
title_full	Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
title_fullStr	Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices
title_sort	quantifying biochemical traits over the patagonian sub-antarctic forests and their relation to multispectral vegetation indices
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/be08761465874d349700559a30a1dfb6
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Quantifying Biochemical Traits over the Patagonian Sub-Antarctic Forests and Their Relation to Multispectral Vegetation Indices

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