The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?

Abstract Background To understand which reproductive barriers initiate speciation is a major question in evolutionary research. Despite their high species numbers and specific biology, there are only few studies on speciation in Hymenoptera. This study aims to identify very early reproductive barrie...

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Autores principales:	Pawel Malec, Justus Weber, Robin Böhmer, Marc Fiebig, Denise Meinert, Carolin Rein, Ronja Reinisch, Maik Henrich, Viktoria Polyvas, Marie Pollmann, Lea von Berg, Christian König, Johannes L. M. Steidle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Reproductive barriers Sympatric speciation Ecotypes Premating barrier Postmating barrier Ecological speciation Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be393450ef9d43b29d9b8d56b7e238e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be393450ef9d43b29d9b8d56b7e238e82021-11-21T12:03:13ZThe emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?10.1186/s12862-021-01938-y2730-7182https://doaj.org/article/be393450ef9d43b29d9b8d56b7e238e82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01938-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2730-7182Abstract Background To understand which reproductive barriers initiate speciation is a major question in evolutionary research. Despite their high species numbers and specific biology, there are only few studies on speciation in Hymenoptera. This study aims to identify very early reproductive barriers in a local, sympatric population of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker 1836), a hymenopterous parasitoid of fly pupae. We studied ecological barriers, sexual barriers, and the reduction in F1-female offspring as a postmating barrier, as well as the population structure using microsatellites. Results We found considerable inbreeding within female strains and a population structure with either three or five subpopulation clusters defined by microsatellites. In addition, there are two ecotypes, one parasitizing fly pupae in bird nests and the other on carrion. The nest ecotype is mainly formed from one of the microsatellite clusters, the two or four remaining microsatellite clusters form the carrion ecotype. There was slight sexual isolation and a reduction in F1-female offspring between inbreeding strains from the same microsatellite clusters and the same ecotypes. Strains from different microsatellite clusters are separated by a reduction in F1-female offspring. Ecotypes are separated only by ecological barriers. Conclusions This is the first demonstration of very early reproductive barriers within a sympatric population of Hymenoptera. It demonstrates that sexual and premating barriers can precede ecological separation. This indicates the complexity of ecotype formation and highlights the general need for more studies within homogenous populations for the identification of the earliest barriers in the speciation process.Pawel MalecJustus WeberRobin BöhmerMarc FiebigDenise MeinertCarolin ReinRonja ReinischMaik HenrichViktoria PolyvasMarie PollmannLea von BergChristian KönigJohannes L. M. SteidleBMCarticleReproductive barriersSympatric speciationEcotypesPremating barrierPostmating barrierEcological speciationEcologyQH540-549.5EvolutionQH359-425ENBMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Reproductive barriers Sympatric speciation Ecotypes Premating barrier Postmating barrier Ecological speciation Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425
spellingShingle	Reproductive barriers Sympatric speciation Ecotypes Premating barrier Postmating barrier Ecological speciation Ecology QH540-549.5 Evolution QH359-425 Pawel Malec Justus Weber Robin Böhmer Marc Fiebig Denise Meinert Carolin Rein Ronja Reinisch Maik Henrich Viktoria Polyvas Marie Pollmann Lea von Berg Christian König Johannes L. M. Steidle The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
description	Abstract Background To understand which reproductive barriers initiate speciation is a major question in evolutionary research. Despite their high species numbers and specific biology, there are only few studies on speciation in Hymenoptera. This study aims to identify very early reproductive barriers in a local, sympatric population of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker 1836), a hymenopterous parasitoid of fly pupae. We studied ecological barriers, sexual barriers, and the reduction in F1-female offspring as a postmating barrier, as well as the population structure using microsatellites. Results We found considerable inbreeding within female strains and a population structure with either three or five subpopulation clusters defined by microsatellites. In addition, there are two ecotypes, one parasitizing fly pupae in bird nests and the other on carrion. The nest ecotype is mainly formed from one of the microsatellite clusters, the two or four remaining microsatellite clusters form the carrion ecotype. There was slight sexual isolation and a reduction in F1-female offspring between inbreeding strains from the same microsatellite clusters and the same ecotypes. Strains from different microsatellite clusters are separated by a reduction in F1-female offspring. Ecotypes are separated only by ecological barriers. Conclusions This is the first demonstration of very early reproductive barriers within a sympatric population of Hymenoptera. It demonstrates that sexual and premating barriers can precede ecological separation. This indicates the complexity of ecotype formation and highlights the general need for more studies within homogenous populations for the identification of the earliest barriers in the speciation process.
format	article
author	Pawel Malec Justus Weber Robin Böhmer Marc Fiebig Denise Meinert Carolin Rein Ronja Reinisch Maik Henrich Viktoria Polyvas Marie Pollmann Lea von Berg Christian König Johannes L. M. Steidle
author_facet	Pawel Malec Justus Weber Robin Böhmer Marc Fiebig Denise Meinert Carolin Rein Ronja Reinisch Maik Henrich Viktoria Polyvas Marie Pollmann Lea von Berg Christian König Johannes L. M. Steidle
author_sort	Pawel Malec
title	The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
title_short	The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
title_full	The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
title_fullStr	The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
title_full_unstemmed	The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?
title_sort	emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in hymenoptera?
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/be393450ef9d43b29d9b8d56b7e238e8
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The emergence of ecotypes in a parasitoid wasp: a case of incipient sympatric speciation in Hymenoptera?

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