Frailty syndrome: an overview

Xujiao Chen,1 Genxiang Mao,1 Sean X Leng2 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; 2Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Frailty is a commo...

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Autores principales:	Chen XJ, Mao GX, Leng SX
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	frailty inflammation IL-6 aging older adults Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be451f1f1758427a8a1e9a5ff628fec3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be451f1f1758427a8a1e9a5ff628fec32021-12-02T00:25:51ZFrailty syndrome: an overview1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/be451f1f1758427a8a1e9a5ff628fec32014-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/frailty-syndrome-an-overview-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Xujiao Chen,1 Genxiang Mao,1 Sean X Leng2 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; 2Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Frailty is a common and important geriatric syndrome characterized by age-associated declines in physiologic reserve and function across multiorgan systems, leading to increased vulnerability for adverse health outcomes. Two major frailty models have been described in the literature. The frailty phenotype defines frailty as a distinct clinical syndrome meeting three or more of five phenotypic criteria: weakness, slowness, low level of physical activity, self-reported exhaustion, and unintentional weight loss. The frailty index defines frailty as cumulative deficits identified in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Significant progress has recently been made in understanding the pathogenesis of frailty. Chronic inflammation is likely a key pathophysiologic process that contributes to the frailty syndrome directly and indirectly through other intermediate physiologic systems, such as the musculoskeletal, endocrine, and hematologic systems. The complex multifactorial etiologies of frailty also include obesity and specific diseases. Major clinical applications include risk assessment and stratification. This can be applied to the elderly population in the community and in a variety of care settings. Frailty may also be useful for risk assessment in surgical patients and those with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as for assessment of vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Currently, exercise and comprehensive geriatric interdisciplinary assessment and treatment are key interventions for frailty. As understanding of the biologic basis and complexity of frailty further improves, more effective and targeted interventional strategies and innovative geriatric-care models will likely be developed. Keywords: frailty, inflammation, IL-6, aging, older adultsChen XJMao GXLeng SXDove Medical PressarticlefrailtyinflammationIL-6agingolder adultsGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 9, Pp 433-441 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	frailty inflammation IL-6 aging older adults Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	frailty inflammation IL-6 aging older adults Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Chen XJ Mao GX Leng SX Frailty syndrome: an overview
description	Xujiao Chen,1 Genxiang Mao,1 Sean X Leng2 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; 2Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: Frailty is a common and important geriatric syndrome characterized by age-associated declines in physiologic reserve and function across multiorgan systems, leading to increased vulnerability for adverse health outcomes. Two major frailty models have been described in the literature. The frailty phenotype defines frailty as a distinct clinical syndrome meeting three or more of five phenotypic criteria: weakness, slowness, low level of physical activity, self-reported exhaustion, and unintentional weight loss. The frailty index defines frailty as cumulative deficits identified in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Significant progress has recently been made in understanding the pathogenesis of frailty. Chronic inflammation is likely a key pathophysiologic process that contributes to the frailty syndrome directly and indirectly through other intermediate physiologic systems, such as the musculoskeletal, endocrine, and hematologic systems. The complex multifactorial etiologies of frailty also include obesity and specific diseases. Major clinical applications include risk assessment and stratification. This can be applied to the elderly population in the community and in a variety of care settings. Frailty may also be useful for risk assessment in surgical patients and those with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as for assessment of vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Currently, exercise and comprehensive geriatric interdisciplinary assessment and treatment are key interventions for frailty. As understanding of the biologic basis and complexity of frailty further improves, more effective and targeted interventional strategies and innovative geriatric-care models will likely be developed. Keywords: frailty, inflammation, IL-6, aging, older adults
format	article
author	Chen XJ Mao GX Leng SX
author_facet	Chen XJ Mao GX Leng SX
author_sort	Chen XJ
title	Frailty syndrome: an overview
title_short	Frailty syndrome: an overview
title_full	Frailty syndrome: an overview
title_fullStr	Frailty syndrome: an overview
title_full_unstemmed	Frailty syndrome: an overview
title_sort	frailty syndrome: an overview
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/be451f1f1758427a8a1e9a5ff628fec3
work_keys_str_mv	AT chenxj frailtysyndromeanoverview AT maogx frailtysyndromeanoverview AT lengsx frailtysyndromeanoverview
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Frailty syndrome: an overview

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