Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics

Introduction: Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are central lipid mediators of the endocannabinoid system. They are highly relevant due to their involvement in a wide variety of inflammatory, metabolic or malign diseases. Further elucidation of their modes of action...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Kratz, Dominique Thomas, Robert Gurke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Endocannabinoid Pre-analytics Blood sampling Anandamide 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be8230d40d024b6cb65f0df779c1cb6a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be8230d40d024b6cb65f0df779c1cb6a2021-11-14T04:36:13ZEndocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics2667-145X10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.001https://doaj.org/article/be8230d40d024b6cb65f0df779c1cb6a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667145X21000262https://doaj.org/toc/2667-145XIntroduction: Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are central lipid mediators of the endocannabinoid system. They are highly relevant due to their involvement in a wide variety of inflammatory, metabolic or malign diseases. Further elucidation of their modes of action and use as biomarkers in an easily accessible matrix, like blood, is restricted by their susceptibility to deviations during blood sampling and physiological co-dependences, which results in high variability of reported concentrations in low ng/mL ranges. Objectives: The objective of this review is the identification of critical parameters during the pre-analytical phase and proposal of minimum requirements for reliable determination of endocannabinoids (ECs) in blood samples. Methods: Reported physiological processes influencing the EC concentrations were put into context with published pre-analytical research and stability data from bioanalytical method validation. Results: The cause for variability in EC concentrations is versatile. In part, they are caused by inter-individual factors like sex, metabolic status and/or diurnal changes. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity in freshly drawn blood samples is the main reason for changing concentrations of AEA and 2-AG, besides additional non-enzymatic isomerization of the latter. Conclusion: Blood samples for EC analyses require immediate processing at low temperatures (>0 °C) to maintain sample integrity. Standardization of the respective blood tube or anti-coagulant, sampling time point, applied centrifugal force and complete processing time can further decrease variability caused by sample handling. Nevertheless, extensive characterization of study participants is needed to reduce distortion of clinical data caused by co-variables and facilitate research on the endocannabinoid system.Daniel KratzDominique ThomasRobert GurkeElsevierarticleEndocannabinoidPre-analyticsBlood samplingAnandamide2-Arachidonoyl glycerolMedical technologyR855-855.5ENJournal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab, Vol 22, Iss , Pp 56-63 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Endocannabinoid Pre-analytics Blood sampling Anandamide 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Endocannabinoid Pre-analytics Blood sampling Anandamide 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol Medical technology R855-855.5 Daniel Kratz Dominique Thomas Robert Gurke Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
description	Introduction: Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are central lipid mediators of the endocannabinoid system. They are highly relevant due to their involvement in a wide variety of inflammatory, metabolic or malign diseases. Further elucidation of their modes of action and use as biomarkers in an easily accessible matrix, like blood, is restricted by their susceptibility to deviations during blood sampling and physiological co-dependences, which results in high variability of reported concentrations in low ng/mL ranges. Objectives: The objective of this review is the identification of critical parameters during the pre-analytical phase and proposal of minimum requirements for reliable determination of endocannabinoids (ECs) in blood samples. Methods: Reported physiological processes influencing the EC concentrations were put into context with published pre-analytical research and stability data from bioanalytical method validation. Results: The cause for variability in EC concentrations is versatile. In part, they are caused by inter-individual factors like sex, metabolic status and/or diurnal changes. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity in freshly drawn blood samples is the main reason for changing concentrations of AEA and 2-AG, besides additional non-enzymatic isomerization of the latter. Conclusion: Blood samples for EC analyses require immediate processing at low temperatures (>0 °C) to maintain sample integrity. Standardization of the respective blood tube or anti-coagulant, sampling time point, applied centrifugal force and complete processing time can further decrease variability caused by sample handling. Nevertheless, extensive characterization of study participants is needed to reduce distortion of clinical data caused by co-variables and facilitate research on the endocannabinoid system.
format	article
author	Daniel Kratz Dominique Thomas Robert Gurke
author_facet	Daniel Kratz Dominique Thomas Robert Gurke
author_sort	Daniel Kratz
title	Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
title_short	Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
title_full	Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
title_fullStr	Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
title_full_unstemmed	Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics
title_sort	endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: it‘s all about pre-analytics
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/be8230d40d024b6cb65f0df779c1cb6a
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielkratz endocannabinoidsaspotentialbiomarkersitsallaboutpreanalytics AT dominiquethomas endocannabinoidsaspotentialbiomarkersitsallaboutpreanalytics AT robertgurke endocannabinoidsaspotentialbiomarkersitsallaboutpreanalytics
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Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It‘s all about pre-analytics

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