A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) naturally exist in biomass. Recent developments in nanotechnology and extraction procedure of CNMs open up a new era in the polymer composites industry. Abundant, renewable, biodegradable, transparent, light weight, and most importantly, low cost make CNMs the ideal ma...

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Autores principales:	Chanda Saptaparni, Bajwa Dilpreet S.
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	polymer–matrix composites dispersion of nanocellulose chemical-aided surface modification physical dispersion techniques Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be846db3d7e14939b8159614011fd31a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be846db3d7e14939b8159614011fd31a2021-12-05T14:11:02ZA review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices1605-812710.1515/rams-2021-0023https://doaj.org/article/be846db3d7e14939b8159614011fd31a2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0023https://doaj.org/toc/1605-8127Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) naturally exist in biomass. Recent developments in nanotechnology and extraction procedure of CNMs open up a new era in the polymer composites industry. Abundant, renewable, biodegradable, transparent, light weight, and most importantly, low cost make CNMs the ideal material for packaging, automotive, construction, and infrastructure applications. CNMs are generally used as materials for polymer matrix reinforcement in the composites industry. The industrial-scale manufacturing of CNM/thermoplastic composites remains an unsolved puzzle for both academics and industries. The dispersion of nanocellulose in polymer matrix is the central problem inhibiting the manufacturing of CNM/polymer composites at an industrial scale. Several attempts were made to disperse nanocellulose effectively in a polymer matrix and improve compatibility between the matrix and CNMs. Chemical-aided surface modification of CNMs has been effective in several cases; however, chemical toxicity, high price, and critical control of reactions make them unsuitable. This current review paper focuses on novel eco-friendly physical dispersion techniques of CNMs and their future scope of research. The physical dispersion techniques such as plasma-induced surface modification, ultrasonication, magnetic and electric field discharge, electrospinning, or drawing can visibly improve the dispersion state of CNMs. But several factors affect physical techniques’ performance, e.g. CNM type and forms, process conditions and parameters, etc. Moreover, the material-related factors interplay with the process-related factors. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the physical dispersion techniques for CNMs and identifies challenges that are critical to adoption of these novel materials at commercial scale for future applications.Chanda SaptaparniBajwa Dilpreet S.De Gruyterarticlepolymer–matrix compositesdispersion of nanocellulosechemical-aided surface modificationphysical dispersion techniquesTechnologyTChemical technologyTP1-1185ENReviews on Advanced Materials Science, Vol 60, Iss 1, Pp 325-341 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polymer–matrix composites dispersion of nanocellulose chemical-aided surface modification physical dispersion techniques Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	polymer–matrix composites dispersion of nanocellulose chemical-aided surface modification physical dispersion techniques Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chanda Saptaparni Bajwa Dilpreet S. A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
description	Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) naturally exist in biomass. Recent developments in nanotechnology and extraction procedure of CNMs open up a new era in the polymer composites industry. Abundant, renewable, biodegradable, transparent, light weight, and most importantly, low cost make CNMs the ideal material for packaging, automotive, construction, and infrastructure applications. CNMs are generally used as materials for polymer matrix reinforcement in the composites industry. The industrial-scale manufacturing of CNM/thermoplastic composites remains an unsolved puzzle for both academics and industries. The dispersion of nanocellulose in polymer matrix is the central problem inhibiting the manufacturing of CNM/polymer composites at an industrial scale. Several attempts were made to disperse nanocellulose effectively in a polymer matrix and improve compatibility between the matrix and CNMs. Chemical-aided surface modification of CNMs has been effective in several cases; however, chemical toxicity, high price, and critical control of reactions make them unsuitable. This current review paper focuses on novel eco-friendly physical dispersion techniques of CNMs and their future scope of research. The physical dispersion techniques such as plasma-induced surface modification, ultrasonication, magnetic and electric field discharge, electrospinning, or drawing can visibly improve the dispersion state of CNMs. But several factors affect physical techniques’ performance, e.g. CNM type and forms, process conditions and parameters, etc. Moreover, the material-related factors interplay with the process-related factors. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the physical dispersion techniques for CNMs and identifies challenges that are critical to adoption of these novel materials at commercial scale for future applications.
format	article
author	Chanda Saptaparni Bajwa Dilpreet S.
author_facet	Chanda Saptaparni Bajwa Dilpreet S.
author_sort	Chanda Saptaparni
title	A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
title_short	A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
title_full	A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
title_fullStr	A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
title_full_unstemmed	A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
title_sort	review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/be846db3d7e14939b8159614011fd31a
work_keys_str_mv	AT chandasaptaparni areviewofcurrentphysicaltechniquesfordispersionofcellulosenanomaterialsinpolymermatrices AT bajwadilpreets areviewofcurrentphysicaltechniquesfordispersionofcellulosenanomaterialsinpolymermatrices AT chandasaptaparni reviewofcurrentphysicaltechniquesfordispersionofcellulosenanomaterialsinpolymermatrices AT bajwadilpreets reviewofcurrentphysicaltechniquesfordispersionofcellulosenanomaterialsinpolymermatrices
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A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices

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