Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Smoking increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by leading to endothelial injury. E-cigarettes remain a popular way to stop smoking. Evidence on their effect on cardiovascular health is growing but remains limited, particularly in the short-term. The main objective of this study was to compare s...

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Autores principales:	Markos Klonizakis, Anil Gumber, Emma McIntosh, Leonie S. Brose
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	CVD smoking cessation vaping nicotine replacement therapy vascular function Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/be922dfeffc145fc99e156eca3c2dd3a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:be922dfeffc145fc99e156eca3c2dd3a2021-11-25T16:48:05ZShort-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial10.3390/biology101112082079-7737https://doaj.org/article/be922dfeffc145fc99e156eca3c2dd3a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1208https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737Smoking increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by leading to endothelial injury. E-cigarettes remain a popular way to stop smoking. Evidence on their effect on cardiovascular health is growing but remains limited, particularly in the short-term. The main objective of this study was to compare short-term cardiovascular effects in smokers who quit smoking using e-cigarettes with or without nicotine or prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This was a single-centre (Sheffield, UK) pragmatic three-arm randomised controlled trial which recruited adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day), who were willing to attempt to stop smoking with support (n = 248). Participants were randomised to receive either: (a) behavioral support and e-cigarettes with 18 mg/mL nicotine (n = 84); (b) behavioral support and e-cigarettes without nicotine (n = 82); (c) behavioral support and NRT (n = 82). Flow Mediated Dilation (%FMD), peak cutaneous vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline and three days after stopping smoking. General Linear Models were used to compare changes between groups and changes from follow-up. Adjusting for baseline, at follow-up, all outcomes (for the 208 participants that completed the 3-day assessments) with the exception of SNP had improved significantly over baseline and there were no differences between groups (%FMD F = 1.03, p = 0.360, df = 2,207; ACh F = 0.172, p = 0.84, df = 2,207; SNP F = 0.382, p = 0.68, df = 2,207; MAP F = 0.176, p = 0.84, df = 2,207). For smokers ≥20 cigarettes per day, benefits were also pronounced. Smoking cessation showed positive cardiovascular impact even after a 3-day period and the effects did not differ between nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, nicotine-free e-cigarettes and NRT.Markos KlonizakisAnil GumberEmma McIntoshLeonie S. BroseMDPI AGarticleCVDsmoking cessationvapingnicotine replacement therapyvascular functionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1208, p 1208 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CVD smoking cessation vaping nicotine replacement therapy vascular function Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	CVD smoking cessation vaping nicotine replacement therapy vascular function Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Markos Klonizakis Anil Gumber Emma McIntosh Leonie S. Brose Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
description	Smoking increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by leading to endothelial injury. E-cigarettes remain a popular way to stop smoking. Evidence on their effect on cardiovascular health is growing but remains limited, particularly in the short-term. The main objective of this study was to compare short-term cardiovascular effects in smokers who quit smoking using e-cigarettes with or without nicotine or prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This was a single-centre (Sheffield, UK) pragmatic three-arm randomised controlled trial which recruited adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day), who were willing to attempt to stop smoking with support (n = 248). Participants were randomised to receive either: (a) behavioral support and e-cigarettes with 18 mg/mL nicotine (n = 84); (b) behavioral support and e-cigarettes without nicotine (n = 82); (c) behavioral support and NRT (n = 82). Flow Mediated Dilation (%FMD), peak cutaneous vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline and three days after stopping smoking. General Linear Models were used to compare changes between groups and changes from follow-up. Adjusting for baseline, at follow-up, all outcomes (for the 208 participants that completed the 3-day assessments) with the exception of SNP had improved significantly over baseline and there were no differences between groups (%FMD F = 1.03, p = 0.360, df = 2,207; ACh F = 0.172, p = 0.84, df = 2,207; SNP F = 0.382, p = 0.68, df = 2,207; MAP F = 0.176, p = 0.84, df = 2,207). For smokers ≥20 cigarettes per day, benefits were also pronounced. Smoking cessation showed positive cardiovascular impact even after a 3-day period and the effects did not differ between nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, nicotine-free e-cigarettes and NRT.
format	article
author	Markos Klonizakis Anil Gumber Emma McIntosh Leonie S. Brose
author_facet	Markos Klonizakis Anil Gumber Emma McIntosh Leonie S. Brose
author_sort	Markos Klonizakis
title	Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short	Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full	Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr	Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed	Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort	short-term cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes in adults making a stop-smoking attempt: a randomized controlled trial
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/be922dfeffc145fc99e156eca3c2dd3a
work_keys_str_mv	AT markosklonizakis shorttermcardiovasculareffectsofecigarettesinadultsmakingastopsmokingattemptarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT anilgumber shorttermcardiovasculareffectsofecigarettesinadultsmakingastopsmokingattemptarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT emmamcintosh shorttermcardiovasculareffectsofecigarettesinadultsmakingastopsmokingattemptarandomizedcontrolledtrial AT leoniesbrose shorttermcardiovasculareffectsofecigarettesinadultsmakingastopsmokingattemptarandomizedcontrolledtrial
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Short-Term Cardiovascular Effects of E-Cigarettes in Adults Making a Stop-Smoking Attempt: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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