Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantifica...

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Autores principales:	Alonso Ornelas-González, Margarita Ortiz-Martínez, Mirna González-González, Marco Rito-Palomares
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	enzyme assays saliva biomarkers analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea42021-11-25T18:29:16ZEnzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges10.3390/molecules262270261420-3049https://doaj.org/article/beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7026https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.Alonso Ornelas-GonzálezMargarita Ortiz-MartínezMirna González-GonzálezMarco Rito-PalomaresMDPI AGarticleenzyme assayssalivabiomarkersanalysisOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 7026, p 7026 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	enzyme assays saliva biomarkers analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	enzyme assays saliva biomarkers analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441 Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
description	Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.
format	article
author	Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares
author_facet	Alonso Ornelas-González Margarita Ortiz-Martínez Mirna González-González Marco Rito-Palomares
author_sort	Alonso Ornelas-González
title	Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
title_short	Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
title_full	Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
title_fullStr	Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
title_full_unstemmed	Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
title_sort	enzymatic methods for salivary biomarkers detection: overview and current challenges
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/beb1280c68424fb080a11d71be859ea4
work_keys_str_mv	AT alonsoornelasgonzalez enzymaticmethodsforsalivarybiomarkersdetectionoverviewandcurrentchallenges AT margaritaortizmartinez enzymaticmethodsforsalivarybiomarkersdetectionoverviewandcurrentchallenges AT mirnagonzalezgonzalez enzymaticmethodsforsalivarybiomarkersdetectionoverviewandcurrentchallenges AT marcoritopalomares enzymaticmethodsforsalivarybiomarkersdetectionoverviewandcurrentchallenges
_version_	1718411101946773504

Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges

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