Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes

Fei Gao, Ningjie Ma, Hong Zhou, Qing Wang, Hao Zhang, Pu Wang, Haoli Hou, Huan Wen, Lijia Li State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Abstract: As an engineered nanomaterial, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are...

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Autores principales:	Gao F, Ma NJ, Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang P, Hou HL, Wen H, Li LJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	ZnO nanoparticle Cell cycle G2/M arrest Histone modification p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway Reactive oxygen species Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/beb3887b96f446a19a6327d27914fcfd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:beb3887b96f446a19a6327d27914fcfd2021-12-02T07:22:59ZZinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/beb3887b96f446a19a6327d27914fcfd2016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-induced-epigenetic-change-and-g2m-arrest-are--peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Fei Gao, Ningjie Ma, Hong Zhou, Qing Wang, Hao Zhang, Pu Wang, Haoli Hou, Huan Wen, Lijia Li State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Abstract: As an engineered nanomaterial, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used frequently in biological applications and can make contact with human skin. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of ZnO NPs on non-tumorigenic human epidermal keratinocytes, which were used as a test model for this in vitro study, at the epigenetic and molecular levels. Our results showed that ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint before the viability of human epidermal keratinocytes was reduced, which was associated with the chromatin changes at the epigenetic level, including increased methylation of histone H3K9 and decreased acetylation of histone H4K5 accompanied by chromatin condensation at 24 hours. The mRNA expression of the methyltransferase genes G9a and GLP was also increased upon treatment with ZnO NPs, and the acetyltransferase genes GCN5, P300, and CBP were downregulated. Reactive oxygen species were found to be more abundant after treatment with ZnO NPs for 6 hours, and DNA damage was observed at 24 hours. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that ZnO NPs were absorbed into the cell when they were added to the medium. Apoptotic human epidermal keratinocytes were detected, and the expression of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Noxa, and Puma increased significantly, while the expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-xl decreased 24 hours after exposure to ZnO NPs. These findings suggest that the ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M, which was associated with epigenetic changes and accompanied by p53-Bax mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticle, cell cycle G2/M arrest, histone modification, p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, reactive oxygen speciesGao FMa NJZhou HWang QZhang HWang PHou HLWen HLi LJDove Medical PressarticleZnO nanoparticleCell cycle G2/M arrestHistone modificationp53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathwayReactive oxygen speciesMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2016, Iss default, Pp 3859-3874 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ZnO nanoparticle Cell cycle G2/M arrest Histone modification p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway Reactive oxygen species Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	ZnO nanoparticle Cell cycle G2/M arrest Histone modification p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway Reactive oxygen species Medicine (General) R5-920 Gao F Ma NJ Zhou H Wang Q Zhang H Wang P Hou HL Wen H Li LJ Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
description	Fei Gao, Ningjie Ma, Hong Zhou, Qing Wang, Hao Zhang, Pu Wang, Haoli Hou, Huan Wen, Lijia Li State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China Abstract: As an engineered nanomaterial, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used frequently in biological applications and can make contact with human skin. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of ZnO NPs on non-tumorigenic human epidermal keratinocytes, which were used as a test model for this in vitro study, at the epigenetic and molecular levels. Our results showed that ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint before the viability of human epidermal keratinocytes was reduced, which was associated with the chromatin changes at the epigenetic level, including increased methylation of histone H3K9 and decreased acetylation of histone H4K5 accompanied by chromatin condensation at 24 hours. The mRNA expression of the methyltransferase genes G9a and GLP was also increased upon treatment with ZnO NPs, and the acetyltransferase genes GCN5, P300, and CBP were downregulated. Reactive oxygen species were found to be more abundant after treatment with ZnO NPs for 6 hours, and DNA damage was observed at 24 hours. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that ZnO NPs were absorbed into the cell when they were added to the medium. Apoptotic human epidermal keratinocytes were detected, and the expression of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Noxa, and Puma increased significantly, while the expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-xl decreased 24 hours after exposure to ZnO NPs. These findings suggest that the ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M, which was associated with epigenetic changes and accompanied by p53-Bax mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticle, cell cycle G2/M arrest, histone modification, p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, reactive oxygen species
format	article
author	Gao F Ma NJ Zhou H Wang Q Zhang H Wang P Hou HL Wen H Li LJ
author_facet	Gao F Ma NJ Zhou H Wang Q Zhang H Wang P Hou HL Wen H Li LJ
author_sort	Gao F
title	Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
title_short	Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
title_full	Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
title_fullStr	Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
title_full_unstemmed	Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
title_sort	zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and g2/m arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/beb3887b96f446a19a6327d27914fcfd
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced epigenetic change and G2/M arrest are associated with apoptosis in human epidermal keratinocytes

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