A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa

Abstract Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa has been used as a windbreak and for soil conservation and water retention. Previous studies focused on pharmacological effects and extraction of chemical components in this species, and very few explored the breeding system. The present study combined the analy...

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Autores principales:	Feng Wang, Xiaohan Sun, Jibin Dong, Rong Cui, Xiao Liu, Xiangxiang Li, Hui Wang, Tongli He, Peiming Zheng, Renqing Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bed62041511342f4bbe2ec1e9eb7e6ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bed62041511342f4bbe2ec1e9eb7e6ae2021-12-02T16:50:17ZA primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa10.1038/s41598-021-89696-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bed62041511342f4bbe2ec1e9eb7e6ae2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89696-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa has been used as a windbreak and for soil conservation and water retention. Previous studies focused on pharmacological effects and extraction of chemical components in this species, and very few explored the breeding system. The present study combined the analysis of floral morphology, behavior of flower visitors, and artificial pollination to reveal reproductive characteristics of the species. Its flowers are characterized by dichogamy, herkogamy, and stamen movement, which are evolutionary adaptations to its breeding system. There were more than 40 species of visiting insects, mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera, and the characteristics of dichogamous and herkogamous flower adapted to the visiting insects. The breeding system is outcrossing, partially self-compatible, and demand for pollinators. The fruit setting rate after natural pollination was 2%. Geitonogamy and xenogamy did not significantly increase the fruit setting rate, indicating that the low fruit setting rate was not due to pollen limitation by likely caused by resource limitation or fruit consumption. The fruit setting rate of zero in emasculated and in naturally and hand self-pollinated individuals suggested the absence of apomixis and spontaneous self-pollination. The above results can be utilized in studies on evolution and cultivation of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.Feng WangXiaohan SunJibin DongRong CuiXiao LiuXiangxiang LiHui WangTongli HePeiming ZhengRenqing WangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Feng Wang Xiaohan Sun Jibin Dong Rong Cui Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Li Hui Wang Tongli He Peiming Zheng Renqing Wang A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
description	Abstract Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa has been used as a windbreak and for soil conservation and water retention. Previous studies focused on pharmacological effects and extraction of chemical components in this species, and very few explored the breeding system. The present study combined the analysis of floral morphology, behavior of flower visitors, and artificial pollination to reveal reproductive characteristics of the species. Its flowers are characterized by dichogamy, herkogamy, and stamen movement, which are evolutionary adaptations to its breeding system. There were more than 40 species of visiting insects, mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera, and the characteristics of dichogamous and herkogamous flower adapted to the visiting insects. The breeding system is outcrossing, partially self-compatible, and demand for pollinators. The fruit setting rate after natural pollination was 2%. Geitonogamy and xenogamy did not significantly increase the fruit setting rate, indicating that the low fruit setting rate was not due to pollen limitation by likely caused by resource limitation or fruit consumption. The fruit setting rate of zero in emasculated and in naturally and hand self-pollinated individuals suggested the absence of apomixis and spontaneous self-pollination. The above results can be utilized in studies on evolution and cultivation of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.
format	article
author	Feng Wang Xiaohan Sun Jibin Dong Rong Cui Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Li Hui Wang Tongli He Peiming Zheng Renqing Wang
author_facet	Feng Wang Xiaohan Sun Jibin Dong Rong Cui Xiao Liu Xiangxiang Li Hui Wang Tongli He Peiming Zheng Renqing Wang
author_sort	Feng Wang
title	A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
title_short	A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
title_full	A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
title_fullStr	A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
title_full_unstemmed	A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
title_sort	primary study of breeding system of ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bed62041511342f4bbe2ec1e9eb7e6ae
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A primary study of breeding system of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa

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