Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.

<h4>Background</h4>Although environmental lead exposure is associated with significant deficits in cognition, executive functions, social behaviors, and motor abilities, the neuroanatomical basis for these impairments remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship...

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Autores principales:	Kim M Cecil, Christopher J Brubaker, Caleb M Adler, Kim N Dietrich, Mekibib Altaye, John C Egelhoff, Stephanie Wessel, Ilayaraja Elangovan, Richard Hornung, Kelly Jarvis, Bruce P Lanphear
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bf3a5d81ce4e4c28b7f3655470e2d11f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf3a5d81ce4e4c28b7f3655470e2d11f2021-11-25T05:36:56ZDecreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.0050112https://doaj.org/article/bf3a5d81ce4e4c28b7f3655470e2d11f2008-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18507499/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Although environmental lead exposure is associated with significant deficits in cognition, executive functions, social behaviors, and motor abilities, the neuroanatomical basis for these impairments remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between childhood lead exposure and adult brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also explored how volume changes correlate with historic neuropsychological assessments.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Volumetric analyses of whole brain MRI data revealed significant decreases in brain volume associated with childhood blood lead concentrations. Using conservative, minimum contiguous cluster size and statistical criteria (700 voxels, unadjusted p < 0.001), approximately 1.2% of the total gray matter was significantly and inversely associated with mean childhood blood lead concentration. The most affected regions included frontal gray matter, specifically the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Areas of lead-associated gray matter volume loss were much larger and more significant in men than women. We found that fine motor factor scores positively correlated with gray matter volume in the cerebellar hemispheres; adding blood lead concentrations as a variable to the model attenuated this correlation.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Childhood lead exposure is associated with region-specific reductions in adult gray matter volume. Affected regions include the portions of the prefrontal cortex and ACC responsible for executive functions, mood regulation, and decision-making. These neuroanatomical findings were more pronounced for males, suggesting that lead-related atrophic changes have a disparate impact across sexes. This analysis suggests that adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes may be related to lead's effect on brain development producing persistent alterations in structure. Using a simple model, we found that blood lead concentration mediates brain volume and fine motor function.Kim M CecilChristopher J BrubakerCaleb M AdlerKim N DietrichMekibib AltayeJohn C EgelhoffStephanie WesselIlayaraja ElangovanRichard HornungKelly JarvisBruce P LanphearPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e112 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R
spellingShingle	Medicine R Kim M Cecil Christopher J Brubaker Caleb M Adler Kim N Dietrich Mekibib Altaye John C Egelhoff Stephanie Wessel Ilayaraja Elangovan Richard Hornung Kelly Jarvis Bruce P Lanphear Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Although environmental lead exposure is associated with significant deficits in cognition, executive functions, social behaviors, and motor abilities, the neuroanatomical basis for these impairments remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between childhood lead exposure and adult brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also explored how volume changes correlate with historic neuropsychological assessments.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Volumetric analyses of whole brain MRI data revealed significant decreases in brain volume associated with childhood blood lead concentrations. Using conservative, minimum contiguous cluster size and statistical criteria (700 voxels, unadjusted p < 0.001), approximately 1.2% of the total gray matter was significantly and inversely associated with mean childhood blood lead concentration. The most affected regions included frontal gray matter, specifically the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Areas of lead-associated gray matter volume loss were much larger and more significant in men than women. We found that fine motor factor scores positively correlated with gray matter volume in the cerebellar hemispheres; adding blood lead concentrations as a variable to the model attenuated this correlation.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Childhood lead exposure is associated with region-specific reductions in adult gray matter volume. Affected regions include the portions of the prefrontal cortex and ACC responsible for executive functions, mood regulation, and decision-making. These neuroanatomical findings were more pronounced for males, suggesting that lead-related atrophic changes have a disparate impact across sexes. This analysis suggests that adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes may be related to lead's effect on brain development producing persistent alterations in structure. Using a simple model, we found that blood lead concentration mediates brain volume and fine motor function.
format	article
author	Kim M Cecil Christopher J Brubaker Caleb M Adler Kim N Dietrich Mekibib Altaye John C Egelhoff Stephanie Wessel Ilayaraja Elangovan Richard Hornung Kelly Jarvis Bruce P Lanphear
author_facet	Kim M Cecil Christopher J Brubaker Caleb M Adler Kim N Dietrich Mekibib Altaye John C Egelhoff Stephanie Wessel Ilayaraja Elangovan Richard Hornung Kelly Jarvis Bruce P Lanphear
author_sort	Kim M Cecil
title	Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
title_short	Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
title_full	Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
title_fullStr	Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
title_full_unstemmed	Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
title_sort	decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf3a5d81ce4e4c28b7f3655470e2d11f
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Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure.

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