Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles

Abstract The origin of turtles is one of the most long-lasting debates in evolutionary research. During their evolution, a series of modifications changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique pulley system redirecting jaw adductor musculature....

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Autores principales:	Gabriel S. Ferreira, Stephan Lautenschlager, Serjoscha W. Evers, Cathrin Pfaff, Jürgen Kriwet, Irena Raselli, Ingmar Werneburg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bf53b0e34c9548c0a30e44e8092ec215
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf53b0e34c9548c0a30e44e8092ec2152021-12-02T17:04:08ZFeeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles10.1038/s41598-020-62179-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bf53b0e34c9548c0a30e44e8092ec2152020-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62179-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The origin of turtles is one of the most long-lasting debates in evolutionary research. During their evolution, a series of modifications changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique pulley system redirecting jaw adductor musculature. These modifications were thought to be strongly correlated to functional adaptations, especially to bite performance. We conducted a series of Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) of several species, including that of the oldest fully shelled, Triassic stem-turtle Proganochelys, to evaluate the role of force distribution and to test existing hypotheses on the evolution of turtle skull architecture. We found no support for a relation between the akinetic nature of the skull or the trochlear mechanisms with increased bite forces. Yet, the FEAs show that those modifications changed the skull architecture into an optimized structure, more resistant to higher loads while allowing material reduction on specific regions. We propose that the skull of modern turtles is the result of a complex process of progressive correlation between their heads and highly flexible necks, initiated by the origin of the shell.Gabriel S. FerreiraStephan LautenschlagerSerjoscha W. EversCathrin PfaffJürgen KriwetIrena RaselliIngmar WerneburgNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gabriel S. Ferreira Stephan Lautenschlager Serjoscha W. Evers Cathrin Pfaff Jürgen Kriwet Irena Raselli Ingmar Werneburg Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
description	Abstract The origin of turtles is one of the most long-lasting debates in evolutionary research. During their evolution, a series of modifications changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique pulley system redirecting jaw adductor musculature. These modifications were thought to be strongly correlated to functional adaptations, especially to bite performance. We conducted a series of Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) of several species, including that of the oldest fully shelled, Triassic stem-turtle Proganochelys, to evaluate the role of force distribution and to test existing hypotheses on the evolution of turtle skull architecture. We found no support for a relation between the akinetic nature of the skull or the trochlear mechanisms with increased bite forces. Yet, the FEAs show that those modifications changed the skull architecture into an optimized structure, more resistant to higher loads while allowing material reduction on specific regions. We propose that the skull of modern turtles is the result of a complex process of progressive correlation between their heads and highly flexible necks, initiated by the origin of the shell.
format	article
author	Gabriel S. Ferreira Stephan Lautenschlager Serjoscha W. Evers Cathrin Pfaff Jürgen Kriwet Irena Raselli Ingmar Werneburg
author_facet	Gabriel S. Ferreira Stephan Lautenschlager Serjoscha W. Evers Cathrin Pfaff Jürgen Kriwet Irena Raselli Ingmar Werneburg
author_sort	Gabriel S. Ferreira
title	Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
title_short	Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
title_full	Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
title_fullStr	Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
title_full_unstemmed	Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
title_sort	feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf53b0e34c9548c0a30e44e8092ec215
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Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles

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