What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, includ...

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Autores principales:	Ilja Salakka, Anni Pitkäniemi, Emmi Pentikäinen, Kari Mikkonen, Pasi Saari, Petri Toiviainen, Teppo Särkämö
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bf655398938d44a394bd57c512e0b0e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf655398938d44a394bd57c512e0b0e52021-11-25T06:19:13ZWhat makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251692https://doaj.org/article/bf655398938d44a394bd57c512e0b0e52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251692https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both.<h4>Methods</h4>Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses.<h4>Results</h4>All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46-0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200-800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features.Ilja SalakkaAnni PitkäniemiEmmi PentikäinenKari MikkonenPasi SaariPetri ToiviainenTeppo SärkämöPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251692 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ilja Salakka Anni Pitkäniemi Emmi Pentikäinen Kari Mikkonen Pasi Saari Petri Toiviainen Teppo Särkämö What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
description	<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both.<h4>Methods</h4>Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses.<h4>Results</h4>All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46-0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200-800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features.
format	article
author	Ilja Salakka Anni Pitkäniemi Emmi Pentikäinen Kari Mikkonen Pasi Saari Petri Toiviainen Teppo Särkämö
author_facet	Ilja Salakka Anni Pitkäniemi Emmi Pentikäinen Kari Mikkonen Pasi Saari Petri Toiviainen Teppo Särkämö
author_sort	Ilja Salakka
title	What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
title_short	What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
title_full	What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
title_fullStr	What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
title_full_unstemmed	What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
title_sort	what makes music memorable? relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf655398938d44a394bd57c512e0b0e5
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What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults.

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