Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process

Urea is a raw material in the production of various chemicals and is a key nitrogen-based fertilizer. The conventional process to manufacture synthetic urea operates at high temperatures and pressures and is therefore energy intensive. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of recov...

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Autores principales:	H. Marepula, C.E. Courtney, D.G. Randall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Fertilizer Haber-Bosch Nitrogen Phosphorus Sanitation Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bf6cf98cc1184251bb3983a1feb9c5e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf6cf98cc1184251bb3983a1feb9c5e52021-11-18T04:53:08ZUrea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process2666-821110.1016/j.ceja.2021.100174https://doaj.org/article/bf6cf98cc1184251bb3983a1feb9c5e52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821121000909https://doaj.org/toc/2666-8211Urea is a raw material in the production of various chemicals and is a key nitrogen-based fertilizer. The conventional process to manufacture synthetic urea operates at high temperatures and pressures and is therefore energy intensive. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of recovering and purifying urea crystals from human urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process that exploits the solubility differences of urea and impurities in water and ethanol. This approach could provide an alternative method to produce urea that operates at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures (< 30°C).Synthetic and real human urine was treated with Ca(OH)2 to prevent urea hydrolysis and then dried to recover the solids. These solids were dissolved in a predetermined amount of ethanol and the urea present was recrystallized. A complex synthetic urine solution (with various organics and inorganics) had a urea solubility of 56.7 g L−1 at 22°C. It was determined that the solubility of urea in ethanol increased when more organics were present in the solution. Urea was recovered from inorganic synthetic urine (SI), organic synthetic urine (SO) and real human urine (RU) with yields of 88%, 77% and 67%, respectively. The purity of urea increased from 41%, 41% and 43% to 91%, 76% and 76% for SI, SO and RU using the ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process.H. MarepulaC.E. CourtneyD.G. RandallElsevierarticleFertilizerHaber-BoschNitrogenPhosphorusSanitationChemical engineeringTP155-156ENChemical Engineering Journal Advances, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100174- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Fertilizer Haber-Bosch Nitrogen Phosphorus Sanitation Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	Fertilizer Haber-Bosch Nitrogen Phosphorus Sanitation Chemical engineering TP155-156 H. Marepula C.E. Courtney D.G. Randall Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
description	Urea is a raw material in the production of various chemicals and is a key nitrogen-based fertilizer. The conventional process to manufacture synthetic urea operates at high temperatures and pressures and is therefore energy intensive. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of recovering and purifying urea crystals from human urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process that exploits the solubility differences of urea and impurities in water and ethanol. This approach could provide an alternative method to produce urea that operates at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures (< 30°C).Synthetic and real human urine was treated with Ca(OH)2 to prevent urea hydrolysis and then dried to recover the solids. These solids were dissolved in a predetermined amount of ethanol and the urea present was recrystallized. A complex synthetic urine solution (with various organics and inorganics) had a urea solubility of 56.7 g L−1 at 22°C. It was determined that the solubility of urea in ethanol increased when more organics were present in the solution. Urea was recovered from inorganic synthetic urine (SI), organic synthetic urine (SO) and real human urine (RU) with yields of 88%, 77% and 67%, respectively. The purity of urea increased from 41%, 41% and 43% to 91%, 76% and 76% for SI, SO and RU using the ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process.
format	article
author	H. Marepula C.E. Courtney D.G. Randall
author_facet	H. Marepula C.E. Courtney D.G. Randall
author_sort	H. Marepula
title	Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
title_short	Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
title_full	Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
title_fullStr	Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
title_full_unstemmed	Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
title_sort	urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf6cf98cc1184251bb3983a1feb9c5e5
work_keys_str_mv	AT hmarepula urearecoveryfromstabilizedurineusinganovelethanolevaporationandrecrystallizationprocess AT cecourtney urearecoveryfromstabilizedurineusinganovelethanolevaporationandrecrystallizationprocess AT dgrandall urearecoveryfromstabilizedurineusinganovelethanolevaporationandrecrystallizationprocess
_version_	1718424937319890944

Urea recovery from stabilized urine using a novel ethanol evaporation and recrystallization process

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