A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

Abstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effecti...

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Autores principales:	Elena Piacenza, Alessandro Presentato, Francesca Di Salvo, Rosa Alduina, Vittorio Ferrara, Valeria Minore, Antonio Giannusa, Giuseppe Sancataldo, Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bf7ce2ce7f974475a96fbea660548c43
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf7ce2ce7f974475a96fbea660548c432021-12-02T18:51:06ZA combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art10.1038/s41598-020-73226-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bf7ce2ce7f974475a96fbea660548c432020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73226-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effective conservation–restoration of these artefacts accounting also for the potential deteriogen effects of microorganisms populating them. In the present study, four Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers were analysed combining physical–chemical and microbiological approaches to obtain information regarding the artefacts’ manufacture, composition, dating, and their microbial community. The validity of these methodologies was verified through a fine in blind statistical analysis, which allowed to identify trends and similarities within these important artefacts. The evidence gathered indicated that these wallpapers were generated between 1885 and 1889, during the so-called industrial production period. A wide range of organic (proteinaceous binders, natural waxes, pigments, and vegetable lacquers) and inorganic (tin foil and pigments) substances were used for the artefacts’ manufacture, contributing to their overall complexity, which also reflects on the identification of a heterogeneous microbiota, often found in Eastern environmental matrices. Nevertheless, whether microorganisms inhabiting these wallpapers determined a detrimental or protective effect is not fully elucidated yet, thus constituting an aspect worth to be explored to deepen the knowledge needed for the conservation of Kinkarakawa-gami over time.Elena PiacenzaAlessandro PresentatoFrancesca Di SalvoRosa AlduinaVittorio FerraraValeria MinoreAntonio GiannusaGiuseppe SancataldoDelia Francesca Chillura MartinoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
description	Abstract Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effective conservation–restoration of these artefacts accounting also for the potential deteriogen effects of microorganisms populating them. In the present study, four Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers were analysed combining physical–chemical and microbiological approaches to obtain information regarding the artefacts’ manufacture, composition, dating, and their microbial community. The validity of these methodologies was verified through a fine in blind statistical analysis, which allowed to identify trends and similarities within these important artefacts. The evidence gathered indicated that these wallpapers were generated between 1885 and 1889, during the so-called industrial production period. A wide range of organic (proteinaceous binders, natural waxes, pigments, and vegetable lacquers) and inorganic (tin foil and pigments) substances were used for the artefacts’ manufacture, contributing to their overall complexity, which also reflects on the identification of a heterogeneous microbiota, often found in Eastern environmental matrices. Nevertheless, whether microorganisms inhabiting these wallpapers determined a detrimental or protective effect is not fully elucidated yet, thus constituting an aspect worth to be explored to deepen the knowledge needed for the conservation of Kinkarakawa-gami over time.
format	article
author	Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
author_facet	Elena Piacenza Alessandro Presentato Francesca Di Salvo Rosa Alduina Vittorio Ferrara Valeria Minore Antonio Giannusa Giuseppe Sancataldo Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
author_sort	Elena Piacenza
title	A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
title_short	A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
title_full	A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
title_fullStr	A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
title_full_unstemmed	A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art
title_sort	combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the kinkarakawa-gami art
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf7ce2ce7f974475a96fbea660548c43
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A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

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