Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas

Abstract When exposed to continuous high-level noise, cochlear neurons are more susceptible to damage than hair cells (HCs): exposures causing temporary threshold shifts (TTS) without permanent HC damage can destroy ribbon synapses, permanently silencing the cochlear neurons they formerly activated....

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Autores principales:	T. T. Hickman, C. Smalt, J. Bobrow, T. Quatieri, M. C. Liberman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfa059d400cd4dcc99674651cda9b1a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfa059d400cd4dcc99674651cda9b1a12021-12-02T11:40:25ZBlast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas10.1038/s41598-018-28924-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bfa059d400cd4dcc99674651cda9b1a12018-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28924-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract When exposed to continuous high-level noise, cochlear neurons are more susceptible to damage than hair cells (HCs): exposures causing temporary threshold shifts (TTS) without permanent HC damage can destroy ribbon synapses, permanently silencing the cochlear neurons they formerly activated. While this “hidden hearing loss” has little effect on thresholds in quiet, the neural degeneration degrades hearing in noise and may be an important elicitor of tinnitus. Similar sensory pathologies are seen after blast injury, even if permanent threshold shift (PTS) is minimal. We hypothesized that, as for continuous-noise, blasts causing only TTS can also produce cochlear synaptopathy with minimal HC loss. To test this, we customized a shock tube design to generate explosive-like impulses, exposed anesthetized chinchillas to blasts with peak pressures from 160–175 dB SPL, and examined the resultant cochlear dysfunction and histopathology. We found exposures that cause large >40 dB TTS with minimal PTS or HC loss often cause synapse loss of 20–45%. While synaptopathic continuous-noise exposures can affect large areas of the cochlea, blast-induced synaptopathy was more focal, with localized damage foci in midcochlear and basal regions. These results clarify the pathology underlying blast-induced sensory dysfunction, and suggest possible links between blast injury, hidden hearing loss, and tinnitus.T. T. HickmanC. SmaltJ. BobrowT. QuatieriM. C. LibermanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q T. T. Hickman C. Smalt J. Bobrow T. Quatieri M. C. Liberman Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
description	Abstract When exposed to continuous high-level noise, cochlear neurons are more susceptible to damage than hair cells (HCs): exposures causing temporary threshold shifts (TTS) without permanent HC damage can destroy ribbon synapses, permanently silencing the cochlear neurons they formerly activated. While this “hidden hearing loss” has little effect on thresholds in quiet, the neural degeneration degrades hearing in noise and may be an important elicitor of tinnitus. Similar sensory pathologies are seen after blast injury, even if permanent threshold shift (PTS) is minimal. We hypothesized that, as for continuous-noise, blasts causing only TTS can also produce cochlear synaptopathy with minimal HC loss. To test this, we customized a shock tube design to generate explosive-like impulses, exposed anesthetized chinchillas to blasts with peak pressures from 160–175 dB SPL, and examined the resultant cochlear dysfunction and histopathology. We found exposures that cause large >40 dB TTS with minimal PTS or HC loss often cause synapse loss of 20–45%. While synaptopathic continuous-noise exposures can affect large areas of the cochlea, blast-induced synaptopathy was more focal, with localized damage foci in midcochlear and basal regions. These results clarify the pathology underlying blast-induced sensory dysfunction, and suggest possible links between blast injury, hidden hearing loss, and tinnitus.
format	article
author	T. T. Hickman C. Smalt J. Bobrow T. Quatieri M. C. Liberman
author_facet	T. T. Hickman C. Smalt J. Bobrow T. Quatieri M. C. Liberman
author_sort	T. T. Hickman
title	Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
title_short	Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
title_full	Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
title_fullStr	Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
title_full_unstemmed	Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
title_sort	blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfa059d400cd4dcc99674651cda9b1a1
work_keys_str_mv	AT tthickman blastinducedcochlearsynaptopathyinchinchillas AT csmalt blastinducedcochlearsynaptopathyinchinchillas AT jbobrow blastinducedcochlearsynaptopathyinchinchillas AT tquatieri blastinducedcochlearsynaptopathyinchinchillas AT mcliberman blastinducedcochlearsynaptopathyinchinchillas
_version_	1718395667795148800

Blast-induced cochlear synaptopathy in chinchillas

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