Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin

In this study, lignin isolated and fractionated from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer to prepare bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resin, and the resin was impregnated into ramie fiber (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> (L.) Gaudich) to improve its thermal and mechanical properties. The isolated lign...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Sucia Okta Handika, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Rita Kartika Sari, Raden Permana Budi Laksana, Petar Antov, Viktor Savov, Milada Gajtanska, Apri Heri Iswanto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fractionated lignin bio-polyurethane resin ramie fiber impregnation thermal stability mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfa6d09a983c465bacf0d78ea15f39ee
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:bfa6d09a983c465bacf0d78ea15f39ee
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfa6d09a983c465bacf0d78ea15f39ee2021-11-25T18:14:07ZEnhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin10.3390/ma142268501996-1944https://doaj.org/article/bfa6d09a983c465bacf0d78ea15f39ee2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6850https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In this study, lignin isolated and fractionated from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer to prepare bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resin, and the resin was impregnated into ramie fiber (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> (L.) Gaudich) to improve its thermal and mechanical properties. The isolated lignin was fractionated by one-step fractionation using two different solvents, i.e., methanol (MeOH) and acetone (Ac). Each fractionated lignin was dissolved in NaOH and then reacted with a polymeric 4,4-methane diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) polymer at an NCO/OH mole ratio of 0.3. The resulting Bio-PU was then used in the impregnation of ramie fiber. The characterization of lignin, Bio-PU, and ramie fiber was carried out using several techniques, i.e., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopy, and an evaluation of fiber mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and tensile strength). Impregnation of Bio-PU into ramie fiber resulted in weight gain ranging from 6% to 15%, and the values increased when extending the impregnation time. The reaction between the NCO group on Bio-PU and the OH group on ramie fiber forms a C=O group of urethane as confirmed by FTIR and Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopies at a wavenumber of 1600 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the TGA analysis, ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU had better thermal properties than ramie fiber before impregnation with a greater weight residue of 21.7%. The mechanical properties of ramie fiber also increased after impregnation with lignin-based Bio-PU, resulting in a modulus of elasticity of 31 GPa for ramie-L-isolated and a tensile strength of 577 MPa for ramie-L-Ac. The enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of impregnated ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU resins could increase the added value of ramie fiber and enhance its more comprehensive industrial application as a functional material.Sucia Okta HandikaMuhammad Adly Rahandi LubisRita Kartika SariRaden Permana Budi LaksanaPetar AntovViktor SavovMilada GajtanskaApri Heri IswantoMDPI AGarticlefractionated ligninbio-polyurethane resinramie fiberimpregnationthermal stabilitymechanical propertiesTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6850, p 6850 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fractionated lignin bio-polyurethane resin ramie fiber impregnation thermal stability mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	fractionated lignin bio-polyurethane resin ramie fiber impregnation thermal stability mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Sucia Okta Handika Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rita Kartika Sari Raden Permana Budi Laksana Petar Antov Viktor Savov Milada Gajtanska Apri Heri Iswanto Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
description	In this study, lignin isolated and fractionated from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer to prepare bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resin, and the resin was impregnated into ramie fiber (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> (L.) Gaudich) to improve its thermal and mechanical properties. The isolated lignin was fractionated by one-step fractionation using two different solvents, i.e., methanol (MeOH) and acetone (Ac). Each fractionated lignin was dissolved in NaOH and then reacted with a polymeric 4,4-methane diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) polymer at an NCO/OH mole ratio of 0.3. The resulting Bio-PU was then used in the impregnation of ramie fiber. The characterization of lignin, Bio-PU, and ramie fiber was carried out using several techniques, i.e., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopy, and an evaluation of fiber mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and tensile strength). Impregnation of Bio-PU into ramie fiber resulted in weight gain ranging from 6% to 15%, and the values increased when extending the impregnation time. The reaction between the NCO group on Bio-PU and the OH group on ramie fiber forms a C=O group of urethane as confirmed by FTIR and Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopies at a wavenumber of 1600 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the TGA analysis, ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU had better thermal properties than ramie fiber before impregnation with a greater weight residue of 21.7%. The mechanical properties of ramie fiber also increased after impregnation with lignin-based Bio-PU, resulting in a modulus of elasticity of 31 GPa for ramie-L-isolated and a tensile strength of 577 MPa for ramie-L-Ac. The enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of impregnated ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU resins could increase the added value of ramie fiber and enhance its more comprehensive industrial application as a functional material.
format	article
author	Sucia Okta Handika Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rita Kartika Sari Raden Permana Budi Laksana Petar Antov Viktor Savov Milada Gajtanska Apri Heri Iswanto
author_facet	Sucia Okta Handika Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Rita Kartika Sari Raden Permana Budi Laksana Petar Antov Viktor Savov Milada Gajtanska Apri Heri Iswanto
author_sort	Sucia Okta Handika
title	Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
title_short	Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
title_full	Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
title_fullStr	Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin
title_sort	enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of ramie fiber via impregnation by lignin-based polyurethane resin
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfa6d09a983c465bacf0d78ea15f39ee
work_keys_str_mv	AT suciaoktahandika enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT muhammadadlyrahandilubis enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT ritakartikasari enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT radenpermanabudilaksana enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT petarantov enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT viktorsavov enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT miladagajtanska enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin AT apriheriiswanto enhancingthermalandmechanicalpropertiesoframiefiberviaimpregnationbyligninbasedpolyurethaneresin
_version_	1718411462269992960

Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin

Ejemplares similares