Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.

<h4>Background</h4>Ensuring water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities for households remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated the current situation of basic WASH facilities for households in Bangladesh and drew a na...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Md Sabbir Ahmed, Md Irteja Islam, Manik Chandra Das, Arifuzzaman Khan, Fakir Md Yunus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfaf6489087d41fba80a342e4acd2742
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:bfaf6489087d41fba80a342e4acd2742
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfaf6489087d41fba80a342e4acd27422021-12-02T20:04:18ZMapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259635https://doaj.org/article/bfaf6489087d41fba80a342e4acd27422021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259635https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Ensuring water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities for households remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated the current situation of basic WASH facilities for households in Bangladesh and drew a national coverage map.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed the publicly available nationally representative 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) dataset that was carried out by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) with support from the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). A total of 61,209 households (weighted) were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between independent variables (socio-demographic and economic status) and their distributions over outcome variables (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene). Further, the spatial distribution of WASH facilities at the household level was depicted.<h4>Results</h4>Coverage of access to basic water facilities at the household level was 99.5% (95% CI 99.4% to 99.6%), sanitation 60.7% (95% CI 60.0% to 61.5%), and hygiene 56.3% (95% CI 55.6% to 57.0%). However, coverage of combined access to all three components was 40.2% (95% CI 39.4% to 40.9%). Among all 64 administrative districts of Bangladesh, we found comparatively lower coverage of WASH facilities in the South and South-East regions and relatively higher in the households of the North and North-Western regions. An adjusted regression model revealed that richest households [AOR = 29.64, 95% CI 26.31 to 33.39], households in the rural areas [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.79], household heads with higher educational attainment [AOR = 2.28, 95% CI 2.09 to 2.49], and households with 5+ family members [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.71] had the higher likelihood to have basic WASH facilities.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Less than half of the Bangladeshi households had access to all three major WASH components (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities); however, variation exists at the individual parameter of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities. A comprehensive WASH approach may reduce the gap and improve the quality of WASH facilities in Bangladesh.Md Sabbir AhmedMd Irteja IslamManik Chandra DasArifuzzaman KhanFakir Md YunusPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0259635 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Md Sabbir Ahmed Md Irteja Islam Manik Chandra Das Arifuzzaman Khan Fakir Md Yunus Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Ensuring water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities for households remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigated the current situation of basic WASH facilities for households in Bangladesh and drew a national coverage map.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed the publicly available nationally representative 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) dataset that was carried out by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) with support from the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). A total of 61,209 households (weighted) were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between independent variables (socio-demographic and economic status) and their distributions over outcome variables (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene). Further, the spatial distribution of WASH facilities at the household level was depicted.<h4>Results</h4>Coverage of access to basic water facilities at the household level was 99.5% (95% CI 99.4% to 99.6%), sanitation 60.7% (95% CI 60.0% to 61.5%), and hygiene 56.3% (95% CI 55.6% to 57.0%). However, coverage of combined access to all three components was 40.2% (95% CI 39.4% to 40.9%). Among all 64 administrative districts of Bangladesh, we found comparatively lower coverage of WASH facilities in the South and South-East regions and relatively higher in the households of the North and North-Western regions. An adjusted regression model revealed that richest households [AOR = 29.64, 95% CI 26.31 to 33.39], households in the rural areas [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.79], household heads with higher educational attainment [AOR = 2.28, 95% CI 2.09 to 2.49], and households with 5+ family members [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.71] had the higher likelihood to have basic WASH facilities.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Less than half of the Bangladeshi households had access to all three major WASH components (basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities); however, variation exists at the individual parameter of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities. A comprehensive WASH approach may reduce the gap and improve the quality of WASH facilities in Bangladesh.
format	article
author	Md Sabbir Ahmed Md Irteja Islam Manik Chandra Das Arifuzzaman Khan Fakir Md Yunus
author_facet	Md Sabbir Ahmed Md Irteja Islam Manik Chandra Das Arifuzzaman Khan Fakir Md Yunus
author_sort	Md Sabbir Ahmed
title	Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
title_short	Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
title_full	Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
title_fullStr	Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.
title_sort	mapping and situation analysis of basic wash facilities at households in bangladesh: evidence from a nationally representative survey.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfaf6489087d41fba80a342e4acd2742
work_keys_str_mv	AT mdsabbirahmed mappingandsituationanalysisofbasicwashfacilitiesathouseholdsinbangladeshevidencefromanationallyrepresentativesurvey AT mdirtejaislam mappingandsituationanalysisofbasicwashfacilitiesathouseholdsinbangladeshevidencefromanationallyrepresentativesurvey AT manikchandradas mappingandsituationanalysisofbasicwashfacilitiesathouseholdsinbangladeshevidencefromanationallyrepresentativesurvey AT arifuzzamankhan mappingandsituationanalysisofbasicwashfacilitiesathouseholdsinbangladeshevidencefromanationallyrepresentativesurvey AT fakirmdyunus mappingandsituationanalysisofbasicwashfacilitiesathouseholdsinbangladeshevidencefromanationallyrepresentativesurvey
_version_	1718375626827628544

Mapping and situation analysis of basic WASH facilities at households in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.

Ejemplares similares