Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum

Abstract Prymnesium parvum is an environmentally harmful algae and well known for its toxic effects to the fish culture. However, there is a dearth of studies on the growth behavior of P. parvum and information on how the availability of nutrients and environmental factors affect their growth rate....

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Autores principales:	Juan Yin, Xuyang Sun, Ruizhi Zhao, Xiaocong Qiu, Rasu Eeswaran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfb5d6dccee347eca07d21c54c117642
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfb5d6dccee347eca07d21c54c1176422021-12-02T17:23:47ZApplication of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum10.1038/s41598-021-92214-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bfb5d6dccee347eca07d21c54c1176422021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92214-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Prymnesium parvum is an environmentally harmful algae and well known for its toxic effects to the fish culture. However, there is a dearth of studies on the growth behavior of P. parvum and information on how the availability of nutrients and environmental factors affect their growth rate. To address this knowledge gap, we used a uniform design approach to quantify the effects of major nutrients (N, P, Si and Fe) and environmental factors (water temperature, pH and salinity) on the biomass density of P. parvum. We also generated the growth model for P. parvum as affected by each of these nutrients and environmental factors to estimate optimum conditions of growth. Results showed that P. parvum can reach its maximum growth rate of 0.789, when the water temperature, pH and salinity is 18.11 °C, 8.39, and 1.23‰, respectively. Moreover, maximum growth rate (0.895–0.896) of P. parvum reached when the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon and iron reach 3.41, 1.05, 0.69 and 0.53 mg/l, respectively. The order of the effects of the environmental factors impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was pH > salinity > water temperature, while the order of the effects of nutrients impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was nitrogen > phosphorous > iron > silicon. These findings may assist to implement control measures of the population of P. parvum where this harmful alga threatens aquaculture industry in the waterbodies such as Ningxia region in China.Juan YinXuyang SunRuizhi ZhaoXiaocong QiuRasu EeswaranNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juan Yin Xuyang Sun Ruizhi Zhao Xiaocong Qiu Rasu Eeswaran Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
description	Abstract Prymnesium parvum is an environmentally harmful algae and well known for its toxic effects to the fish culture. However, there is a dearth of studies on the growth behavior of P. parvum and information on how the availability of nutrients and environmental factors affect their growth rate. To address this knowledge gap, we used a uniform design approach to quantify the effects of major nutrients (N, P, Si and Fe) and environmental factors (water temperature, pH and salinity) on the biomass density of P. parvum. We also generated the growth model for P. parvum as affected by each of these nutrients and environmental factors to estimate optimum conditions of growth. Results showed that P. parvum can reach its maximum growth rate of 0.789, when the water temperature, pH and salinity is 18.11 °C, 8.39, and 1.23‰, respectively. Moreover, maximum growth rate (0.895–0.896) of P. parvum reached when the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon and iron reach 3.41, 1.05, 0.69 and 0.53 mg/l, respectively. The order of the effects of the environmental factors impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was pH > salinity > water temperature, while the order of the effects of nutrients impacting the biomass density of P. parvum was nitrogen > phosphorous > iron > silicon. These findings may assist to implement control measures of the population of P. parvum where this harmful alga threatens aquaculture industry in the waterbodies such as Ningxia region in China.
format	article
author	Juan Yin Xuyang Sun Ruizhi Zhao Xiaocong Qiu Rasu Eeswaran
author_facet	Juan Yin Xuyang Sun Ruizhi Zhao Xiaocong Qiu Rasu Eeswaran
author_sort	Juan Yin
title	Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
title_short	Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
title_full	Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
title_fullStr	Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
title_full_unstemmed	Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum
title_sort	application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae prymnesium parvum
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfb5d6dccee347eca07d21c54c117642
work_keys_str_mv	AT juanyin applicationofuniformdesigntoevaluatethedifferentconditionsonthegrowthofalgaeprymnesiumparvum AT xuyangsun applicationofuniformdesigntoevaluatethedifferentconditionsonthegrowthofalgaeprymnesiumparvum AT ruizhizhao applicationofuniformdesigntoevaluatethedifferentconditionsonthegrowthofalgaeprymnesiumparvum AT xiaocongqiu applicationofuniformdesigntoevaluatethedifferentconditionsonthegrowthofalgaeprymnesiumparvum AT rasueeswaran applicationofuniformdesigntoevaluatethedifferentconditionsonthegrowthofalgaeprymnesiumparvum
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Application of uniform design to evaluate the different conditions on the growth of algae Prymnesium parvum

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