Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya

Abstract Sex chromosome evolution results in the disparity in gene content between heterogametic sex chromosomes and creates the need for dosage compensation to counteract the effects of gene dose imbalance of sex chromosomes in males and females. It is not known at which stage of sex chromosome evo...

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Autores principales:	Juan Liu, Jennifer Han, Anupma Sharma, Ching Man Wai, Ray Ming, Qingyi Yu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfc5874e61a54b069d3570344ce750ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfc5874e61a54b069d3570344ce750ed2021-12-02T13:16:19ZTranscriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya10.1038/s41598-021-85480-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bfc5874e61a54b069d3570344ce750ed2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85480-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sex chromosome evolution results in the disparity in gene content between heterogametic sex chromosomes and creates the need for dosage compensation to counteract the effects of gene dose imbalance of sex chromosomes in males and females. It is not known at which stage of sex chromosome evolution dosage compensation would evolve. We used global gene expression profiling in male and female papayas to assess gene expression patterns of sex-linked genes on the papaya sex chromosomes. By analyzing expression ratios of sex-linked genes to autosomal genes and sex-linked genes in males relative to females, our results showed that dosage compensation was regulated on a gene-by-gene level rather than whole sex-linked region in papaya. Seven genes on the papaya X chromosome exhibited dosage compensation. We further compared gene expression ratios in the two evolutionary strata. Y alleles in the older evolutionary stratum showed reduced expression compared to X alleles, while Y alleles in the younger evolutionary stratum showed elevated expression compared to X alleles. Reduced expression of Y alleles in the older evolutionary stratum might be caused by accumulation of deleterious mutations in regulatory regions or transposable element-mediated methylation spreading. Most X-hemizygous genes exhibited either no or very low expression, suggesting that gene silencing might play a role in maintaining transcriptional balance between females and males.Juan LiuJennifer HanAnupma SharmaChing Man WaiRay MingQingyi YuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juan Liu Jennifer Han Anupma Sharma Ching Man Wai Ray Ming Qingyi Yu Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
description	Abstract Sex chromosome evolution results in the disparity in gene content between heterogametic sex chromosomes and creates the need for dosage compensation to counteract the effects of gene dose imbalance of sex chromosomes in males and females. It is not known at which stage of sex chromosome evolution dosage compensation would evolve. We used global gene expression profiling in male and female papayas to assess gene expression patterns of sex-linked genes on the papaya sex chromosomes. By analyzing expression ratios of sex-linked genes to autosomal genes and sex-linked genes in males relative to females, our results showed that dosage compensation was regulated on a gene-by-gene level rather than whole sex-linked region in papaya. Seven genes on the papaya X chromosome exhibited dosage compensation. We further compared gene expression ratios in the two evolutionary strata. Y alleles in the older evolutionary stratum showed reduced expression compared to X alleles, while Y alleles in the younger evolutionary stratum showed elevated expression compared to X alleles. Reduced expression of Y alleles in the older evolutionary stratum might be caused by accumulation of deleterious mutations in regulatory regions or transposable element-mediated methylation spreading. Most X-hemizygous genes exhibited either no or very low expression, suggesting that gene silencing might play a role in maintaining transcriptional balance between females and males.
format	article
author	Juan Liu Jennifer Han Anupma Sharma Ching Man Wai Ray Ming Qingyi Yu
author_facet	Juan Liu Jennifer Han Anupma Sharma Ching Man Wai Ray Ming Qingyi Yu
author_sort	Juan Liu
title	Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
title_short	Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
title_full	Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
title_fullStr	Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya
title_sort	transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in carica papaya
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfc5874e61a54b069d3570344ce750ed
work_keys_str_mv	AT juanliu transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya AT jenniferhan transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya AT anupmasharma transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya AT chingmanwai transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya AT rayming transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya AT qingyiyu transcriptionalregulationofdosagecompensationincaricapapaya
_version_	1718393354261102592

Transcriptional regulation of dosage compensation in Carica papaya

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