The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding

Abstract Although central to well-being, functional and dysfunctional thoughts arise and unfold over time in ways that remain poorly understood. To shed light on these mechanisms, we adapted a “think aloud” paradigm to quantify the content and dynamics of individuals’ thoughts at rest. Across two st...

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Autores principales:	Quentin Raffaelli, Caitlin Mills, Nadia-Anais de Stefano, Matthias R. Mehl, Kate Chambers, Surya A. Fitzgerald, Ramsey Wilcox, Kalina Christoff, Eric S. Andrews, Matthew D. Grilli, Mary-Frances O’Connor, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfd87ca5f1974c3bbaf241ea896ef88f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfd87ca5f1974c3bbaf241ea896ef88f2021-12-02T17:18:21ZThe think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding10.1038/s41598-021-98138-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bfd87ca5f1974c3bbaf241ea896ef88f2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98138-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although central to well-being, functional and dysfunctional thoughts arise and unfold over time in ways that remain poorly understood. To shed light on these mechanisms, we adapted a “think aloud” paradigm to quantify the content and dynamics of individuals’ thoughts at rest. Across two studies, external raters hand coded the content of each thought and computed dynamic metrics spanning duration, transition probabilities between affective states, and conceptual similarity over time. Study 1 highlighted the paradigm’s high ecological validity and revealed a narrowing of conceptual scope following more negative content. Study 2 replicated Study 1’s findings and examined individual difference predictors of trait brooding, a maladaptive form of rumination. Across individuals, increased trait brooding was linked to thoughts rated as more negative, past-oriented and self-focused. Longer negative and shorter positive thoughts were also apparent as brooding increased, as well as a tendency to shift away from positive conceptual states, and a stronger narrowing of conceptual scope following negative thoughts. Importantly, content and dynamics explained independent variance, accounting for a third of the variance in brooding. These results uncover a real-time cognitive signature of rumination and highlight the predictive and ecological validity of the think aloud paradigm applied to resting state cognition.Quentin RaffaelliCaitlin MillsNadia-Anais de StefanoMatthias R. MehlKate ChambersSurya A. FitzgeraldRamsey WilcoxKalina ChristoffEric S. AndrewsMatthew D. GrilliMary-Frances O’ConnorJessica R. Andrews-HannaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Quentin Raffaelli Caitlin Mills Nadia-Anais de Stefano Matthias R. Mehl Kate Chambers Surya A. Fitzgerald Ramsey Wilcox Kalina Christoff Eric S. Andrews Matthew D. Grilli Mary-Frances O’Connor Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
description	Abstract Although central to well-being, functional and dysfunctional thoughts arise and unfold over time in ways that remain poorly understood. To shed light on these mechanisms, we adapted a “think aloud” paradigm to quantify the content and dynamics of individuals’ thoughts at rest. Across two studies, external raters hand coded the content of each thought and computed dynamic metrics spanning duration, transition probabilities between affective states, and conceptual similarity over time. Study 1 highlighted the paradigm’s high ecological validity and revealed a narrowing of conceptual scope following more negative content. Study 2 replicated Study 1’s findings and examined individual difference predictors of trait brooding, a maladaptive form of rumination. Across individuals, increased trait brooding was linked to thoughts rated as more negative, past-oriented and self-focused. Longer negative and shorter positive thoughts were also apparent as brooding increased, as well as a tendency to shift away from positive conceptual states, and a stronger narrowing of conceptual scope following negative thoughts. Importantly, content and dynamics explained independent variance, accounting for a third of the variance in brooding. These results uncover a real-time cognitive signature of rumination and highlight the predictive and ecological validity of the think aloud paradigm applied to resting state cognition.
format	article
author	Quentin Raffaelli Caitlin Mills Nadia-Anais de Stefano Matthias R. Mehl Kate Chambers Surya A. Fitzgerald Ramsey Wilcox Kalina Christoff Eric S. Andrews Matthew D. Grilli Mary-Frances O’Connor Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna
author_facet	Quentin Raffaelli Caitlin Mills Nadia-Anais de Stefano Matthias R. Mehl Kate Chambers Surya A. Fitzgerald Ramsey Wilcox Kalina Christoff Eric S. Andrews Matthew D. Grilli Mary-Frances O’Connor Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna
author_sort	Quentin Raffaelli
title	The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
title_short	The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
title_full	The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
title_fullStr	The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
title_full_unstemmed	The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
title_sort	think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfd87ca5f1974c3bbaf241ea896ef88f
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The think aloud paradigm reveals differences in the content, dynamics and conceptual scope of resting state thought in trait brooding

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