Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minima...
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a3 |
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| Sumario: | Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L<sup>−1</sup> whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m<sup>−1</sup> and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L<sup>−1</sup> measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery. |
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